- Solvent effect on the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-thiophenyl-3,5- dinitropyridine
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The kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-thiophenyl-3,5-dinitropyridine were studied spectrophotometrically in different aquo-organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, and acetone at 30°C with various solvent compositions up to 80% (v/v) of organic components, An increase in the organic solvent percentage (v/v) has different effects on the reaction rate constants presumably due to hydrogen bond donor HBD and acceptor HBA of the medium and other solvatochromic parameters. Linear and nonlinear plots of log k against the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the solvent were obtained. The effects are too complex to be analyzed in terms of a single parameter, but an approach using the Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic parameters is applied successfullylo six mixed aquo-organic solvent systems.
- Fathalla, Magda F.
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- Fluorescence Properties and Exciplex Formation of Emissive Naphthyridine Derivatives: Application as Sensors for Amines
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Water-soluble donor–acceptor-type fluorophore 15Nap-Cl having two trifluoromethyl groups and a Cl group on a 1,5-aminonaphthyridine framework was prepared. Fluorophore 15Nap-Cl showed strong solvatochromic fluorescence, and, as the solvent polarity increased, a bathochromic shift was observed accompanied by an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield. In addition, in the presence of amines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, and aniline, further considerable bathochromic shifts in the fluorescence were observed. Density functional calculations identified the source of the fluorescence behavior as exciplex formation between 15-Nap-Cl and the corresponding amine. The fluorescence behavior was exploited to fabricate a sensor that can identify various primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
- Hirota, Junko,Usui, Kazuteru,Fuchi, Yasufumi,Sakuma, Masaomi,Matsumoto, Shota,Hagihara, Ryusuke,Karasawa, Satoru
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p. 14943 - 14952
(2019/11/13)
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- Amino- and hydroxymethylation of hydride adducts of 2-hydroxy-3,5- dinitropyridine
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A series of 1,5-dinitro-3,3-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one derivatives has been synthesized by Mannich condensation of the hydride adduct of 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyridine with formaldehyde and primary amines. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved by NMR spectroscopy.
- Ivanova,Fedyanin,Surova,Blokhin,Atroshchenko,Shahkeldyan
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p. 1000 - 1008
(2013/10/22)
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- Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-thioaryl-3, 5-dinitropyridine derivatives in 50% v/v DMSO-water
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The kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted 2-thioaryl-3,5-dinitropyridine have been studied in 50% DMSO-water. The observed rate constants and the second order rate constants were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters for the unsubstituted compound reveals the activating power of the two nitro- and aza-groups.
- Fathalla, Magda F.,Ibrahim, Mahmoud F.,Hamed, Ezzat A.
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p. 150 - 151
(2007/10/03)
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- Reactivity of heterocyclic compounds in nitration. 8. Nitration of 3-hydroxypyridine and its substituted forms
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Nitration of 3-hydroxypyridine and its substituted forms has been studied under various conditions. It is shown that, depending on the reaction temperature and the nitrating agent, the end products of the synthesis can be 3-hydroxy-2,6-dinitropyridine or 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitropyridine. The possibility of substitutional nitration of iodine derivatives of 2- and 3-hydroxypyridine is demonstrated. 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
- Falyakhov,Gil'manov,Sharnin,Bol'shakova
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p. 830 - 832
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and Reactions of Dinitrated Amino and Diaminopyridines
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Nitration of amino- and diaminopyridines and -picolines led, in unexpected one-step reactions, to dinitrated derivatives.Dinitropicolines gave styrylpiridines, and 2-amino-6-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyridine was transformed by the thermolysis of its azido deriv
- Ritter, H.,Licht, H. H.
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p. 585 - 590
(2007/10/02)
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- THE REACTIVITY OF SOME PRIMARY AMINES IN SN2Ar REACTIONS WITH 2-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROPYRIDINE
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Rate constants for SN2Ar reactions of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine (1) with butylamine, glycine, glycylglycine and ethylenediamine monohydrochloride, in water at 1.0 mol dm-3 constant ionic strength and 25 deg C, have been determined.The Broensted β coefficient is 0.51.The reactivities of 1 and 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium ion (2) with these primary amines were compared using a derived Edwards equation.One could infer that 2 tends to undergo more charge interaction than 1 because of the quaternary nitrogen of the pyridinium ring of 2.A coordination of the substrates, 1, 2 and 4-chloro-1-methylpyridinium ion (3) dependent on the degree of hardness and softness is presented.
- Brenelli, Eugenia Cristina Souza,Moran, Paulo Jose Samenho
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p. 2816 - 2825
(2007/10/02)
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