- Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Catalytic C?H Methylation
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The mechanochemical, solvent-free, highly regioselective, rhodium-catalyzed C?H methylation of (hetero)arenes is reported. The reaction shows excellent functional-group compatibility and is demonstrated to work for the late-stage C?H methylation of biologically active compounds. The method requires no external heating and benefits from considerably shorter reaction times than previous solution-based C?H methylation protocols. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach is shown to enable the efficient synthesis of organometallic complexes that are difficult to generate conventionally.
- Ni, Shengjun,Hribersek, Matic,Baddigam, Swarna K.,Ingner, Fredric J. L.,Orthaber, Andreas,Gates, Paul J.,Pilarski, Lukasz T.
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supporting information
p. 6660 - 6666
(2020/12/18)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Desulfitative C - N Coupling: A Synthesis of Aromatic Amines
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A nickel-catalyzed intramolecular C - N coupling reaction via SO2 extrusion is presented. The use of a catalytic amount of BPh3 allows the transformation to take place under much milder conditions (60 °C) than previously reported C - N coupling reactions by CO or CO2 extrusion (160-180 °C). In addition, this method displays good functional group tolerance and versatility, as it can be applied to the synthesis of dialkyl aryl amines, alkyl diaryl amines, and triaryl amines. The robustness of the desulfitative C - N coupling is demonstrated by three high-yielding gram-scale reactions.
- Chen, Xuemeng,Jia, Xiuwen,Kramer, S?ren,Li, Yue,Lian, Zhong,Liu, Jiangjun,Sun, Haotian
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p. 5702 - 5711
(2020/05/19)
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- Solvent-Free Buchwald-Hartwig (Hetero)arylation of Anilines, Diarylamines, and Dialkylamines Mediated by Expanded-Ring N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes
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A highly efficient solvent-free protocol for the Buchwald-Hartwig (hetero)arylation of anilines, diarylamines, and dialkylamines mediated by the expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex (THP-Dipp)Pd(cinn)Cl [THP-Dipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene; cinn = cinnamyl, 3-phenylallyl] was developed. The catalytic protocol was efficient for the coupling of amines and (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides bearing donor, acceptor, and bulky substituents.
- Topchiy, Maxim A.,Dzhevakov, Pavel B.,Rubina, Margarita S.,Morozov, Oleg S.,Asachenko, Andrey F.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.
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p. 1908 - 1914
(2016/04/20)
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- A 1 - (2- [...] ) b cyclohexyl phosphine and its preparation method and application (by machine translation)
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The invention provides 1-(2-arylindenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine which takes a good catalytic effect in carbon-nitrogen coupling reaction of chlorinated or brominated aromatic hydrocarbons and diphenylamine and has the general formulas shown in the specification. According to the preparation method of 1-(2-arylindenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine, 2-aryl indene serving as a raw material reacts with n-butyllithium in the presence of high-purity nitrogen to obtain 1-(2-arylindenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine. 1-(2-arylindenyl) dicyclohexylphosphine and the preparation method and application thereof have the beneficial effects that A, B, C, D, E and F can exist in the air stably; a catalyst consisting of a compound D and palladium dibenzylacetone can catalyze reactions between various chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and diphenylamine and the highest yield is high up to 82%; the reactions between brominated aromatic hydrocarbons with high steric hindrance and diphenylamine can be catalyzed by the catalyst and the highest yield is high up to 85%; the reactions between chlorinated or brominated heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diphenylamine can be catalyzed by the catalyst and the highest yield is high up to 62%.
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Paragraph 0073-0077; 0082
(2016/12/01)
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- Method for producing hydroxytriarylamine (by machine translation)
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To economically provide arylamines such as triarylamine. SOLUTION: An arylamine compound represented by formula (1) and an aryl compound having a leaving group represented by formula (2): X-Ar2-X1, are subjected to an arylamination reaction in the presence of a basic group, an alkaline metal salt and/or an alkaline earth metal salt, and an iron catalyst to thereby obtain arylamines such as triarylamines. In formula (1), Ar and Ar1are identical or different, and denote a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, and may be ring-condensed; and a denotes 1 or 2. In formula (2), X and X1are identical or different, and denote at least one leaving group selected from the group consisting of H or Br, I, CMs (mesylate), OTf (triflate) and OTs (tosylate), provided that X and X1are not simultaneously H, and have at least one leaving group; and Ar2denotes a substituted or non-substituted aryl group. COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT
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Paragraph 0034-0036
(2018/02/24)
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- Pd-indenyl-diphosphine: An effective catalyst for the preparation of triarylamines
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A new Buchwald-type diphosphine ligand has been developed for applications in Pd-catalyzed amination reactions towards the preparation of triarylamines. The catalyst can be used to perform the amination of a diverse array of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides.
- Yan, Meng-Qi,Yuan, Jia,Pi, Yun-Xiao,Liang, Jin-Hua,Liu, Yan,Wu, Qing-Guo,Luo, Xue,Liu, Sheng-Hua,Chen, Jian,Zhu, Xiao-Lei,Yu, Guang-Ao
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supporting information
p. 451 - 454
(2016/01/12)
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- Palladium(II)-catalyzed direct ortho arylation of 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin- 2-amines via C-H activation/C-C coupling and synthetic applications
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The direct ortho arylation of 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines via palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation is described. Treatment of 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine with potassium aryltrifluoroborate using 10 mol % of palladium(II) acetate as the catalyst, 2 equiv of copper(II) acetate as the oxidant, and 1 equiv of p-benzoquinone in tert-butyl alcohol gave ortho-arylated products in modest to excellent yields. This reaction shows good functional group compatibility. A series of 1H NMR titration experiments and controlled experiments elucidating the reaction mechanism were carried out. The key intermediate, 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine palladacycle, was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The advanced transformations of ortho-phenylated 4-methyl-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine to N-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole, biphenyl-2-amine, and 3-methyl-6-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole were successfully demonstrated as potential synthetic applications.
- Chu, Jean-Ho,Huang, Hao-Ping,Hsu, Wen-Ting,Chen, Shih-Tien,Wu, Ming-Jung
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p. 1190 - 1204
(2014/04/03)
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- Ligand-free Ullmann-type C-heteroatom couplings under practical conditions
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A new practical ligand-free protocol for copper-catalyzed C-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions (Ullmann-type) is described. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent overcomes the need to use organic auxiliary ligands; thus, DMSO is revealed as a nontoxic and superior solvent for Ullmann-type coupling reactions. This method allows the arylation of a wide range of amides, alcohols, and amines under practical conditions with bromobenzene and iodobenzene derivatives and will likely find direct application in current organic synthesis. The competitive reactivity among different functional groups is reported and rationalized, and the possibility to achieve selective arylation reactions is demonstrated. Copyright
- Gueell, Imma,Ribas, Xavi
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p. 3188 - 3195
(2014/06/09)
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- Solvent-free Buchwald-Hartwig reaction of aryl and heteroaryl halides with secondary amines
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A highly efficient solvent-free protocol for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination of (hetero)aryl halides by secondary amines was developed. The reaction is mediated by a Pd(OAc)2/RuPhos catalytic system in air. Various (hetero)aryl halides were coupled with diaryl, alkyl-aryl, and dialkylamines in good to excellent yields (51 examples, 50-99% yield). Copyright
- Topchiy, Maxim A.,Asachenko, Andrey F.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.
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p. 3319 - 3322
(2014/06/09)
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- Synthesis of well-defined diphenylvinyl(cyclopropyl)phosphine-palladium complexes for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction and Buchwald-Hartwig amination
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The well-defined diphenylvinylphosphine-palladium complex 1 and the diphenylcyclopropylphosphine-palladium complex 2 were successfully synthesized. The crystal structures of these complexes were obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Both complexes were air- and moisture-stable, and could be prepared on a gram scale. These palladium complexes catalyzed the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides [turnover numbers (TON) up to 196,000] and aryl chlorides (TON up to 50,000). Furthermore, complex 2 catalyzed the Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl chlorides and aromatic/aliphatic amines with a low catalyst loading. These complexes showed different reactivities for the coupling of 2-chloropyridine, and the origin of this difference is discussed. Copyright
- Yokoyama, Naota,Nakayama, Yuji,Nara, Hideki,Sayo, Noboru
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supporting information
p. 2083 - 2088
(2013/08/23)
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- Carbene adduct of cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine-assisted synthesis of aminopyridine derivatives by the amination of chloropyridines with primary and secondary amines
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An efficient, simple way to synthesize aminopyridine derivatives is presented, based on Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. Using 1 mol% N-heterocyclic carbene adduct of cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine in the presence of 1.5 equiv. tBuOK as base in dioxane at 110°C offered moderate to excellent yields in the reaction of chloropyridines with primary and secondary amines, including sterically hindered amines and alkyl amines. Copyright
- Mu, Bing,Li, Jingya,Wu, Yangjie
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p. 537 - 541
(2013/09/23)
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- A visible-light-mediated synthesis of carbazoles
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The photosynthetic preparation of N-aryl- and N-alkyl-bearing carbazoles utilizes continuous flow, visible light, and an in situ formed Cu-based sensitizer (see picture). The method is mild and efficient, and allows the straightforward synthesis of a variety of carbazoles with different substituents, heterocycles, and complex carbon architectures. Copyright
- Hernandez-Perez, Augusto C.,Collins, Shawn K.
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supporting information
p. 12696 - 12700
(2013/12/04)
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- Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl chlorides catalyzed by easily accessible benzimidazolyl phosphine-Pd complexes
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This study describes the efficacy of benzimidazolyl phosphine ligands, which are easily synthesized from inexpensive and commercially available o-phenylenediamine, 2-bormobenzoic acid, and chlorophosphines, in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl chlorides. Primary and secondary aromatic/aliphatic amines are effective substrates in this catalytic system. Functional groups such as keto and esters are also compatible. The catalyst loading can be reduced to 0.1 mol% Pd. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Chung, Kin Ho,So, Chau Ming,Wong, Shun Man,Luk, Chi Him,Zhou, Zhongyuan,Lau, Chak Po,Kwong, Fuk Yee
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1181 - 1186
(2012/06/15)
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- Iron-catalyzed aromatic amination for nonsymmetrical triarylamine synthesis
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Novel iron-catalyzed amination reactions of various aryl bromides have been developed for the synthesis of diaryl- and triarylamines. The key to the success of this protocol is the use of in situ generated magnesium amides in the presence of a lithium halide, which dramatically increases the product yield. The present method is simple and free of precious and expensive metals and ligands, thus providing a facile route to triarylamines, a recurrent core unit in organic electronic materials as well as pharmaceuticals.
- Hatakeyama, Takuji,Imayoshi, Ryuji,Yoshimoto, Yuya,Ghorai, Sujit K.,Jin, Masayoshi,Takaya, Hikaru,Norisuye, Kazuhiro,Sohrin, Yoshiki,Nakamura, Masaharu
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supporting information
p. 20262 - 20265
(2013/02/23)
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- Palladium(II)-NHC complexes containing benzimidazole ligand as a catalyst for C-N bond formation
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The reaction of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane with 1-alkylbenzimidazole derivatives results in the formation of the new benzimidazolium salts (1). The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazolium salts (1a-c) yields palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (2a-c). All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and elemental analysis techniques which support the proposed structures. As catalysts, these new palladium complexes offer a simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of triarylamines and secondary amines from anilines and amines and in a single step with potassium tertiary butoxide as a base.
- Dogan, Oeznur,Demir, Serpil,Oezdemir, Ismail,Cetinkaya, Bekir
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experimental part
p. 163 - 167
(2012/04/17)
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- Heterogeneous aromatic amination of aryl halides with arylamines in water with PS-PEG resin-supported palladium complexes
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Catalytic aromatic amination is achieved in water under heterogeneous conditions by the use of immobilized palladium complexes coordinated with the amphiphilic polystyrene-poly-(ethylene glycol) resin-supported di(tert-butyl)phosphine ligand. Aromatic amination of aryl halides with diphenylamine and N,N-double arylation of anilines with bromobenzene were found to proceed in water with broad substrate tolerance to give the triarylamines in high yield with high recyclability of the polymeric catalyst beads. Very little palladium leached from the polymeric catalyst under the waterbased reaction conditions to provide a green and clean (metal-uncontaminated) protocol for the preparation of triarylamines, including the optoelectronically active N,N,N',N'-tetraaryl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamines (TPDs).
- Hirai, Yoshinori,Uozumi, Yasuhiro
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1788 - 1795
(2011/04/16)
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- (t-Bu)2PN=P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N: New efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed C-N couplings of aryl and heteroaryl bromides and chlorides and for vinyl bromides at room temperature
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(Chemical Equation Presented) By employing Pd(OAc)2, Cs 2CO3, or NaOH, and the new ligand (t-Bu) 2PN=P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N (3a), an electronically diverse array of aryl bromides and chlorides possessing base-sensitive substituents (nitro, ester, and keto) provide coupling products with bulky aryl amines in good to excellent yields. Aryl halides possessing other functional groups including cyano, amino, trifluoromethyl, and phenol, coupled with equal ease, producing highly functionalized amines in good to excellent yields. Moreover, an aryl chloro group can be preserved in the presence of a bromo substituent under our reaction conditions. BOC-protected amines also participated efficiently. Heterocyclic bromides and chlorides underwent clean couplings with amines in excellent yields. An important strength of our protocol is the use of lower palladium loadings than those reported earlier, without compromising yields. The air-stable palladium complex (η3-cinnamyl)PdCl·(3a) (5) was also employed successfully in C-N coupling reactions while the crotyl analogue was less efficacious. The 3a/Pd(OAc)2 catalyst system promotes, for the first time, efficient coupling of vinyl bromides with a variety of amines to produce imines and enamines at room temperature.
- Reddy, Ch. Venkat,Kingston, Jesudoss V.,Verkade, John G.
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p. 3047 - 3062
(2008/09/19)
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- Triaminophosphine ligands for carbon-nitrogen and carbon-carbon bond formation
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Methods and compounds are provided for the formation of carbon-nitrogen or carbon-carbon bonds comprising reacting an amine or an aryl boronic acid with an aryl halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a base, and a compound of formula II:
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Page/Page column 20; 23-24; 34
(2008/12/05)
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- Catalysis using halophosphine compounds
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The present invention provides the preparation and use of halophosphine-transition metal complex as catalysts for cross-coupling reaction to produce substituted aromatic heterocycles, biaryls and arylamines by reacting pyridyl halides or aryl halides with
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Page/Page column 9
(2008/06/13)
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- Scope and limitations of Pd2(dba)3/P(i-BuNCH 2CH2)3N-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of aryl chlorides
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Proazaphosphatrane ligands in combination with Pd2(dba) 3 generate highly active catalysts for Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl chlorides. In particular, commercially available P(i-BuNCH 2-CH2)3N is a highly general and efficient ligand, allowing the coupling of an electronically diverse set of aryl chlorides, including chloropyridines, with a wide variety of amines using 1 mol % of Pd at 100 °C. Either a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of ligand to Pd was found to be effective. This catalyst system performs exceptionally well for sterically hindered substrates, even with only 0.25 mol % of Pd. It is shown that NaOH can also be used as the base (instead of NaO-t-Bu) allowing functionalized substrates to participate in these reactions.
- Urgaonkar, Sameer,Verkade, John G.
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p. 9135 - 9142
(2007/10/03)
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- Application of a New Bicyclic Triaminophosphine Ligand in Pd-Catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reactions of Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides
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The new bicyclic triaminophosphine ligand P(i-BuNCH2) 3CMe (3) has been synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials and its efficacy in palladium-catalyzed reactions of aryl halides with an array of amines has been demonstrated. Electron-poor, electron-neutral, and electron-rich aryl bromides, chlorides, and iodides participated in the process. The reactions encompassed aromatic amines (primary or secondary) and secondary amines (cyclic or acyclic). It has also been shown that the weak base Cs2CO3 can be employed with ligand 3, allowing a variety of functionalized substrates (e.g., those containing esters and nitro groups) to be utilized in our amination protocols. This ligand provides a remarkably general, efficient, and mild palladium catalyst for aryl iodide amination. Although 3 is slightly air and moisture sensitive, easy procedures can be adopted that avoid the need of a glovebox. Comparisons of the efficacy of 3 in these reactions with that of the proazaphosphatrane P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N (2) reveal that in addition to the opportunity for transannulation in 2 (but not in 3), other significant stereoelectronic contrasts exist between these two ligands which help account for differences in the activities of the Pd/2 and Pd/3 catalytic systems.
- Urgaonkar, Sameer,Xu, Ju-Hua,Verkade, John G.
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p. 8416 - 8423
(2007/10/03)
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