53912-80-4Relevant articles and documents
Understanding the Alkylation Mechanism of 3-Chloropiperidines – NMR Kinetic Studies and Isolation of Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions
Helbing, Tim,Georg, Mats,St?hr, Fabian,Carraro, Caterina,Becker, Jonathan,Gatto, Barbara,G?ttlich, Richard
, p. 5905 - 5913 (2021/10/29)
The present study describes the kinetic analysis of the 3-chloropiperidine alkylation mechanism. These nitrogen mustard-based compounds are expected to react via a highly electrophilic bicyclic aziridinium ion, which is readily attacked by nucleophiles. Halide abstraction using silver salts with weakly coordinating anions lead to the isolation of these proposed intermediates, whereas their structure was confirmed by single crystal XRD. Kinetic studies of the aziridinium ions also revealed notable reactivity differences of the C5 gem-methylated compounds and their unmethylated counterparts. The observed reactivity trends were also reflected by NMR studies in aqueous solution and DNA alkylation experiments of the related 3-chloropiperidines. Therefore, the underlying Thorpe-Ingold effect might be considered as another option to adjust the alkylation activity of these compounds.
Synthesis of Optically Active N -(4-Hydroxynon-2-enyl)pyrrolidines: Key Building Blocks in the Total Synthesis of Streptomyces coelicolor Butanolide 5 (SCB-5) and Virginiae Butanolide A (VB-A)
Donges, Jonas,Hofmann, Sandra,Walter, Johannes C.,Reichertz, Julia,Brüggemann, Moritz,Frank, Andrea,Nubbemeyer, Udo
, p. 2632 - 2642 (2021/04/27)
Starting from 5-methylhexanal and (S)-configured N -propargylprolinol ethers, coupling delivered N -(4-hydroxynon-2-ynyl)prolinol derivatives as mixtures of C4 diastereomers. Resolution of the epimers succeeded after introduction of an (R)-mandelic ester derivative and subsequent HPLC separation. Alternatively, suitable oxidation gave the corresponding alkynyl ketone. Midland reagent controlled diastereoselective reduction afforded a defined configured propargyl alcohol with high selectivity. LiAlH 4reduction and Mosher analyses of the allyl alcohols enabled structure elucidation. The suitably protected products are used as key intermediates in enantioselective Streptomyces γ-butyrolactone signaling molecule total syntheses.
Reduction of N,N-Dimethylcarboxamides to Aldehydes by Sodium Hydride–Iodide Composite
Chan, Guo Hao,Ong, Derek Yiren,Yen, Zhihao,Chiba, Shunsuke
, (2018/05/14)
A new and concise protocol for selective reduction of N,N-dimethylamides into aldehydes was established using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of sodium iodide (NaI) under mild reaction conditions. The present protocol with the NaH-NaI composite allows for reduction of not only aromatic and heteroaromatic but also aliphatic N,N-dimethylamides with wide substituent compatibility. Retention of α-chirality in the reduction of α-enantioriched amides was accomplished. Use of sodium deuteride (NaD) offers a new step-economical alternative to prepare deuterated aldehydes with high deuterium incorporation rate. The NaH-NaI composite exhibits unique chemoselectivity for reduction of N,N-dimethylamides over ketones.