1258431-03-6Relevant articles and documents
Revisiting the sparteine surrogate: Development of a resolution route to the (-)-sparteine surrogate
Firth, James D.,O'Brien, Peter,Ferris, Leigh
, p. 9357 - 9365 (2015/01/16)
The improved performance of the sparteine surrogate compared to sparteine in a range of applications has highlighted the need to develop an approach to the (-)-sparteine surrogate, previously inaccessible in gram-quantities. A multi-gram scale, chromatography-free synthesis of the racemic sparteine surrogate and its resolution via diastereomeric salt formation with (-)-O,O′-di-p-toluoyl-l-tartaric acid is reported. Resolution on a 10.0 mmol scale gave the diastereomeric salts in 33% yield from which (-)-sparteine surrogate of 937 er was generated. This work solves a key limitation: either enantiomer of the sparteine surrogate can now be readily accessed.
Synthesis of sparteine-like chiral diamines and evaluation in the enantioselective lithiation-substitution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidine
Hermet, Jean-Paul R.,Porter, David W.,Dearden, Michael J.,Harrison, Justin R.,Koplin, Tobias,O'Brien, Peter,Parmene, Jerome,Tyurin, Vladimir,Whitwood, Adrian C.,Gilday, John,Smith, Neil M.
, p. 3977 - 3988 (2007/10/03)
Three chiral diamines were synthesised and evaluated as sparteine surrogates in the lithiation-substitution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine. The synthesis and attempted resolution of sparteine-like diamines {(1S*, 2R*, 8R*)-10-methyl-6,10-diazatricyclo [6.3.1.02,6]dodecane and (1S*, 2R*, 9R*)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridecane} (via inclusion complex formation) are reported. Unfortunately, it was only possible to resolve the diazatricyclo-[7.3.1.02,7] tridecane compound. An alternative route to (1R,2S,9S)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02.7]tridecane starting from the natural product, (-)-cytisine, is described. This simple three-step route furnished gram-quantities of a (+)-sparteine surrogate. X-ray crystallography of an intermediate in the route, (1R,5S,12S)-3-methoxycarbonyl-decahydro-1,5-methanopyrido [1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one, enabled the stereochemistry of all of the tricyclic diamines described in this paper to be unequivocally established. Two other diamines, starting from (S)-proline and resolved 2-piperidine ethanol, were prepared using standard methods. These diamines lacked the bispidine framework of (-)-sparteine and were found to impart vastly inferior enantioselectivity. It was concluded that, for the asymmetric lithiation-substitution of N-Boc pyrrolidine, a rigid bispidine framework and only three of the four rings of (-)-sparteine are needed for high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, it is shown that diamine (1R,2S,9S)-11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo [7.3.1.02,7]tridecane is the first successful (+)-sparteine surrogate.