16483-40-2Relevant articles and documents
Phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) (BBIm2+): a dicationic organic photoredox catalyst
Kodama, Takuya,Kubo, Maiko,Shinji, Wataru,Ohkubo, Kei,Tobisu, Mamoru
, p. 12109 - 12117 (2020/11/27)
A dicationic photoredox catalyst composed of phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) (BBIm2+) was designed, synthesised and demonstrated to promote the photochemical decarboxylative hydroxylation and dimerisation of carboxylic acids. The catalytic activity of BBIm2+ was higher than that for a monocation analogue, suggesting that the dicationic nature of BBIm2+ plays a key role in these decarboxylative reactions. The rate constant for the decay of the triplet-triplet absorption of the excited BBIm2+ increased with increasing concentration of the carboxylate anion with a saturated dependence, suggesting that photoinduced electron transfer occurs within the ion pair complex composed of the triplet excited state of BBIm2+ and a carboxylate anion.
Organomolybdenum and Organotungsten Reagents, V. - On the Additive, Reductive Carbonyl Dimerization (ARCD Reaction)
Kauffmann, Thomas,Jordan, Jan,Voss, Karl-Uwe,Wilde, Heinz-Wilhelm
, p. 2083 - 2092 (2007/10/02)
Reagents of the type R4(PrO)4(μ-PrO)2W2 (3; R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, sBu, iBu, Hex, Me3SiCH2, Ph) prepared in situ by the action of organolithium or Grignard compounds on (PrO)4(μ-PrO)2W2Cl4 (2), react with aromatic aldehydes or ketones and with the α,β-unsaturated ketone benzylidene acetone in a novel reaction, called the ARCD reaction, to give products 4 of the type RR'R''C-CRR'R'' with mostly good yields.In the case of benzylidene acetone and furfural besides the ARCD products the rearranged products 27 and 29 are formed.With the reagent Ph4(PrO)4(μ-PrO)2W2 (3b) ARCD reactions are also possible in moderate yields with aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.The more closely investigated reagent Me4(PrO)4(μ-PrO)2W2 (3a; decomposition at about -45 deg C) tolerates the aromatic bound functional groups Cl, F, OH, OMe, and NMe2 in the substrates, but not the NO2 and CO2Et substituents.It reacts with PhCOX (X = OEt, Cl, OCOPh) via acetophenone to give PhCMe2-CMe2Ph. - For the ARCD reactions a radical mechanism (Scheme 7) is postulated. - Key Words: Tungsten complexes/ Carbonyl dimerization