2022-80-2Relevant articles and documents
Fluorinated butatrienes
Ehm, Christian,Akkerman, Floris A.,Lentz, Dieter
, p. 1173 - 1181 (2010)
Major improvements in the synthesis of 1,1,4,4-tetrafluorobutatriene (1) are presented. Despite many attempts to isolate new metal complexes of 1 only an iron complex containing a ligand which is composed of a partially hydrolyzed tetrafluorobutatriene-dimer and carbon monoxide could be isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Certain metal centers and solvents accelerate the decomposition of 1. First attempts to synthesize 1,1-difluorobutatriene (2) are presented which underline the major challenges of a successful synthesis of 2.
Ionic reaction of halogens with terminal alkenes: The effect of electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents on the bonding of halonium ions
Shellhamer, Dale F.,Allen, Jeannette L.,Allen, Rachel D.,Gleason, David C.,Schlosser, Colleen O'Neil,Powers, Benjamin J.,Probst, John W.,Rhodes, Michelle C.,Ryan, Andrew J.,Titterington, Peter K.,Vaughan, Gregory Gawayne,Heasley, Victor L.
, p. 3932 - 3937 (2007/10/03)
Ionic reactions of terminal alkenes with chlorine (Cl2), bromine (Br2), and iodine monochloride (ICI) are sensitive to the alkyl substituents, and the positions and number of vinyl fluorine atoms. These perturbations influence the symmetry of the halonium ion intermediates, which can be determined by the distribution of the Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov products. A vinyl fluorine on the number-2 carbon favors an unsymmetrical intermediate with greater charge on the number-2 carbon unless the alkyl group is electron withdrawing. A vinyl fluorine on the terminal number-1 carbon favors positive charge development on that carbon unless a resonance stabilizing group is on the number-2 carbon. The symmetry of halonium ions with vinyl fluorines on both carbons-1 and -2 depends primarily on the characteristics of the alkyl substituent. Intermediates range from openions with the positive charge on carbon-2, to various bridged species, to open-ions on the terminal carbon.