22113-51-5Relevant articles and documents
Kinetic study on alkaline hydrolysis of Y-substituted phenyl picolinates: Effects of modification of nonleaving group from benzoyl to picolinyl on reactivity and reaction mechanism
Kim, Myung-Joo,Kim, Min-Young,Um, Ik-Hwan
, p. 1138 - 1142 (2015/07/15)
Second-order rate constants (kOH-) for alkaline hydrolysis of Y-substituted phenyl picolinates (6a-6i) have been measured spectrophotometrically. A linear Bronsted-type plot is obtained with βlg = -0.34, which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with formation of an addition intermediate being the rate-determining step (RDS). However, σYo constants result in a much poorer Hammett correlation than σY- constants. Furthermore, the Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits an excellent linear correlation with ρY = 0.82 and r = 0.72, indicating that a negative charge develops partially on the O atom of the leaving group in the RDS. Thus, the reactions have been concluded to proceed through a forced concerted mechanism with a highly unstable intermediate 7. Comparison of the current kinetic data with those reported previously for the corresponding reactions of Y-substituted phenyl benzoates has revealed that modification of the nonleaving group from benzoyl to picolinyl causes not only an increase in reactivity but also a change in the reaction mechanism (i.e., from a stepwise mechanism to a forced concerted pathway).
Mechanistic change in the reactivity of substituted phenyl acetates over phenyl thiolacetates toward imidazole in aqueous phase
Rajarathnam,Jeyakumar,Nadar, P. Ananthakrishna
, p. 211 - 221 (2007/10/03)
The kinetics of aminolysis of several substituted phenyl acetates by imidazole is studied in aqueous medium at 20°C and an ionic strength of 0.1 M (KCl). By following the leaving groups spectrophotometrically (λ max = 272-401 nm), under excess free imidazole, pseudo-first-order rate constants (κobs) are obtained. For the esters with good nucleofuges, the reaction follows clean second-order kinetics and the plots of (κobs - κH) against free imidazole concentration are linear at constant pH. The macroscopic nucleophilic substitution rate constants (κN) are obtained as the slopes of these plots and found to be pH independent. For the esters with poor nucleofuges, a rate dependence on more than first power of the free imidazole and a linear dependence of κ′2 on free imidazole is observed. Accordingly, the microscopic rate constants for the assisted paths viz. κga and κgb have been disseminated besides for simple bimolecular attack. The Broensted-type plots and Hammett plots were constructed whose slope values are consistent with a stepwise mechanism through a bipolar tetrahedral addition intermediate whose formation or breakdown being rate determining for various paths. Comparison of this reaction of oxyesters with the earlier reported works on similar reaction of analogue thiolesters under identical reaction conditions showed remarkable mechanistic differences which are discussed in detail. The discussion is extended to include the details on previously studied ammonolysis of these two types of esters wherein thiolesters showed differed reactivity than that reported in the present study.
Curved Hammett Plot in Alkaline Hydrolysis of O-Aryl Thionobenzoates: Change in Rate-Determining Step versus Ground-State Stabilization
Um, Ik-Hwan,Lee, Ji-Youn,Kim, Han-Tae,Bae, Sun-Kun
, p. 2436 - 2441 (2007/10/03)
Second-order rate constants have been measured for alkaline hydrolysis of O-aryl thionobenzoates (X-C6H4-CS-OC6H 4-Y) in 80 mol % H2O-20 mol % DMSO at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The Hammett plot for the reaction of O-4-nitrophenyl X-substituted thionobenzoates (X-C6H4-CS-OC6H 4-NO2, 1a-e) exhibits a downward curvature. However, a possible traditional explanation in terms of a change in the rate-determining step (RDS) has been considered but rejected. The proposed explanation involves stabilization of the ground-state (GS) through-resonance interaction between the electron-donating substituent X and the thionocarbonyl functionality on the basis of the linear Yukawa-Tsuno plot obtained for the same reaction. The Bronsted-type plot for the reaction of O-aryl thionobenzoates (C 6H5-CS-OC6H4-Y, 2a-i) is linear but exhibits many scattered points with a small βlg, (-0.35). The Hammett plot for the same reaction shows rather poor correlation with σ- constants but much better correlation with σ° constants. The alkaline hydrolysis of O-aryl thionobenzoates (1a-e and 2a-i) has been proposed to proceed through an addition intermediate in which bond formation is the RDS.
