4282-49-9Relevant articles and documents
Quantifying Through-Space Substituent Effects
Adam, Catherine,Burns, Rebecca J.,Cockroft, Scott L.,Mati, Ioulia K.,Muchowska, Kamila B.
supporting information, p. 16717 - 16724 (2020/07/24)
The description of substituents as electron donating or withdrawing leads to a perceived dominance of through-bond influences. The situation is compounded by the challenge of separating through-bond and through-space contributions. Here, we probe the experimental significance of through-space substituent effects in molecular interactions and reaction kinetics. Conformational equilibrium constants were transposed onto the Hammett substituent constant scale revealing dominant through-space substituent effects that cannot be described in classic terms. For example, NO2 groups positioned over a biaryl bond exhibited similar influences as resonant electron donors. Meanwhile, the electro-enhancing influence of OMe/OH groups could be switched off or inverted by conformational twisting. 267 conformational equilibrium constants measured across eleven solvents were found to be better predictors of reaction kinetics than calculated electrostatic potentials, suggesting utility in other contexts and for benchmarking theoretical solvation models.
Microwave-enhanced cadogan cyclization: An easy access to the 2-substituted carbazoles and other fused heterocyclic systems
Appukkuttan, Prasad,Van Der Eycken, Erik,Dehaen, Wim
, p. 127 - 133 (2007/10/03)
A microwave-enhanced Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in combination with a microwave-assisted Cadogan reductive cyclization is presented as an easy access to a variety of 2-substituted carbazoles and other fused heterocyclic systems. Microwave irradiation was found very useful in minimizing the proto-deboronation issues in the cross-coupling reaction, and enhances the rate of reductive cyclization in a dramatic manner.
Potassium peroxodisulfate: A convenient oxidizing agent for aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines
Memarian,Mohammadpoor-Baltork,Sadeghi,Samani
, p. 727 - 728 (2007/10/03)
A series of 13 different 4-substituted 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines have been oxidized to pyridine derivatives by potassium peroxodisulfate in dry and wet acetonitrile solution at reflux condition. Formation of two kinds of products has been observed depending on the type of 4-substituent. Addition of water affects only the rate of oxidation.