5367-54-4Relevant articles and documents
2-Anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine CDK Inhibitors: Synthesis, SAR Analysis, X-ray Crystallography, and Biological Activity
Wang, Shudong,Meades, Christopher,Wood, Gavin,Osnowski, Andrew,Anderson, Sian,Yuill, Rhoda,Thomas, Mark,Mezna, Mokdad,Jackson, Wayne,Midgley, Carol,Griffiths, Gary,Fleming, Ian,Green, Simon,McNae, Iain,Wu, Su-Ying,McInnes, Campbell,Zheleva, Daniella,Walkinshaw, Malcolm D.,Fischer, Peter M.
, p. 1662 - 1675 (2007/10/03)
Following the identification through virtual screening of 4-(2,4-dimethyl-thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamines as moderately potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), a CDK inhibitor analogue program was initiated. The first aims were to optimize potency and to evaluate the cellular mode of action of lead candidate molecules. Here the synthetic chemistry, the structure-guided design approach, and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) that led to the discovery of 2-anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine ATP-antagonistic CDK2 inhibitors, many with very low nM Kis against CDK2, are reported. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of four representative analogues from our chemical series in complex with CDK2 are presented, and these structures are used to rationalize the observed biochemical SARs. Finally results are reported that show, using the most potent CDK2 inhibitor compound from the current series, that the observed antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects are consistent with cellular CDK2 and CDK9 inhibition.
Hypoxia-selective antitumor agents. 1. Relationships between structure, redox properties and hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity for 4-substituted derivatives of nitracrine
Wilson,Anderson,Denny
, p. 23 - 30 (2007/10/02)
The nitroacridine derivative 9-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino]-1-nitroacridine (nitracrine) is selectively cytotoxic to hypoxic tumor cells in culture. However, the compound undergoes reductive metabolism too rapidly, with the reduction not being sufficiently inhibited by molecular oxygen in aerobic tissues, for it to demonstrate the same activity in vivo. In a search for derivatives with lower reduction potentials, we have synthesized and evaluated a series of derivatives bearing 4-substituents with a wide range of electronic properties. The one-electron reduction potentials (E(1)) of these compounds, when compared under conditions of equivalent ionization, were highly correlated with σ(p) values. However, at pH 7 the influence of substituent electronic properties was modified by prototropic equilibria, with the basic nature of the acridine limiting the extent to which ring substituent electronic effects can be used to modulate reduction potential of the 1-nitro group. Nevertheless, comparison of the kinetics of the killing of AA8 cells under hypoxia suggests that some metabolic stabilization of the compounds can be achieved by the use of electron-donating substituents, with such compounds retaining the hypoxia-selective toxicity of nitracrine in cell culture. However, the 4-substituted nitracrines show no clear relationship between E(1) and cytotoxic potency, in distinct contrast to simpler nitroheterocycles such as nitroimidazoles.
