53911-36-7Relevant articles and documents
Visible-Light-Driven C4-Selective Alkylation of Pyridinium Derivatives with Alkyl Bromides
Hong, Sungwoo,Jung, Sungwoo,Park, Seongjin,Shin, Sanghoon
supporting information, p. 11370 - 11375 (2020/07/21)
Reported herein is a general strategy for the photochemical cross-coupling between N-amidopyridinium salts and various alkyl bromides under photocatalyst-free conditions, granting facile access to various C4-alkylated pyridines. This approach exploits the intriguing photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between N-amidopyridinium salts and bromide, which provides a photoactive handle capable of generating silyl radicals and driving the alkylation process. The robustness of this protocol was further demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of complex compounds under mild and metal-free conditions.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Alkenylpyridines via Pd/Cu Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation of Pyridinium Salts with Alkynes
Chen, Hua,Haiyan, Fu,Jiang, Weidong,Li, Ruixiang,Li, Shun,Li, Wenjing,Tang, Juan,Xu, Bin,Yuan, Maolin,Zheng, Xueli
supporting information, p. 7814 - 7819 (2020/11/03)
The first Pd/Cu catalyzed selective C2-alkenylation of pyridines with internal alkynes has been developed via the pyridinium salt activation strategy. Importantly, the configuration of the product alkenylpyridines could be tuned by the choice of the proper N-alkyl group of the pyridinium salts, thus allowing for both the Z- and E-alkenylpyridines synthesized with good regio- and stereoselectivity. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on the Hammett study and KIE experiment.
C6-Selective Direct Arylation of 2-Phenylpyridine via an Activated N-methylpyridinium Salt: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Yin, Changzhen,Zhong, Kangbao,Li, Wenjing,Yang, Xiao,Sun, Rui,Zhang, Chunchun,Zheng, Xueli,Yuan, Maolin,Li, Ruixiang,Lan, Yu,Fu, Haiyan,Chen, Hua
supporting information, p. 3990 - 3998 (2018/09/12)
An elegant pre-activation strategy, based on the formation of N-methylpyridinium iodide salts for C6-selective direct arylation of 2-phenylpyridines using Pd/Cu cooperative catalysis, has been developed. By this methodology, a wide range of unsymmetrical 2, 6-diarylpyridines were synthesized with high reactivity and regioselectivity as well as good functional group tolerance. In particular, challenging substrates bearing electron donating groups (EDGs), such as OMe, NMe2, were also successfully employed in this reaction. Deuterium incorporation studies revealed that the C?H bond acidity is improved significantly in N-methylpyridinium salts compared with their N-Oxide and N-iminopyridinium ylide counterparts, thus solving the long-standing problem associated with previous strategies for the synthesis of diaryl pyridines. Finally, the control experiments and DFT calculations supported a Pd-catalyzed and Cu-mediated mechanism in which a carbenoid copper species that is formed in-situ from N-methylpyridinium salts, participates in a Pd-catalyzed arylation followed by an iodide-promoted N-demethylation process. (Figure presented.).