540-72-7 Usage
Description
Sodium thiocyanate, an odorless white solid, is a valuable chemical raw material with significant applications across various sectors of the national economy. It is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid, existing as white rhombic system crystals. Sodium thiocyanate is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone, with a relative density of 1.735 and melts at approximately 287°C. It decomposes upon heating and under the influence of light, producing toxic fumes of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and cyanides. It reacts violently with acids, strong bases, and strong oxidants.
Uses
1. Chemical Synthesis:
Sodium thiocyanate is widely used in chemical synthesis as a source of the thiocyanate anion, particularly in the conversion of alkyl halides to alkylthiocyanates. It is also used in the manufacture of other thiocyanates, especially organic ones.
2. Textile Industry:
Sodium thiocyanate serves as a solvent for spinning acrylic fibers, contributing to the production of various textile materials.
3. Chemical Analysis:
It is utilized as a reagent in chemical analysis, playing a crucial role in the identification and quantification of various chemical substances.
4. Photography:
In the photography industry, sodium thiocyanate is employed as a film rinse, ensuring the proper development and preservation of color films.
5. Agriculture:
It is used as a defoliant for certain plants, as well as an herbicide for airport roads, helping maintain clear and safe pathways.
6. Pharmaceuticals:
Sodium thiocyanate finds applications in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the development and production of various medicinal products.
7. Printing and Dyeing:
It is used in the printing and dyeing industry, where it aids in the coloring and printing processes of fabrics and other materials.
8. Rubber Processing:
Sodium thiocyanate is employed in the rubber processing industry, where it helps improve the quality and properties of rubber products.
9. Metal Plating:
It is used in black nickel plating, a process that adds a protective and decorative layer to metal surfaces.
10. Food Industry:
Sodium thiocyanate is also utilized in the production of artificial mustard and other food products, enhancing their flavor and quality.
Industrial Production Processes:
The main industrial production processes for sodium thiocyanate include the separation of sodium thiocyanate from waste liquid in coke oven gas, the synthesis of sodium thiocyanate with sodium cyanide and sulfur, and the production of sodium thiocyanate by the metathesis reaction of ammonium thiocyanate and sodium hydroxide. The synthesis of sodium thiocyanate requires high purity hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a raw material, which is costly and harsh.
Preparation
Sodium thiocyanate is prepared by boiling an aqueous solution of sodium cyanide with sulfur: NaCN + S → NaSCN.
Reactions
Sodium thiocyanate is an analytical reagent for measuring iodide. Other uses are dyeing and printing textiles, preparing thiocyanate salts, and nickel plating. Used in titrimetry.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick 1979 p. 121]. Caution should be exercised in treating a thiocyanate with an oxidizing agent such as a peroxide or chlorate as such mixtures have been known to explode. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating oxides of sulfur and nitrogen may form in fire [USCG, 1999]. Carbonyl sulfide is produced in a violent reaction by the mixture of sulfuric acid and Sodium thiocyanate.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion of large doses causes vomiting, extreme cerebral excitement, convulsions, and death in 10-48 hrs.; chronic poisoning can cause flu-like symptoms, skin rashes, weakness, fatigue, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion. Contact with eyes causes irritation. Prolonged contact with skin may produce various skin eruptions, dizziness, cramps, nausea, and mild to severe disturbance of the nervous system.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating oxides of sulfur and nitrogen may form in fire.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Large doses taken internally cause vomiting, convulsions. Chronic poisoning is manifested by weakness, confusion, diarrhea, and skin rashes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and Na2O. See also THIOCYANATES.
Purification Methods
It is recrystallised from EtOH or Me2CO, and the mother liquor is removed from the crystals by centrifugation. It is very deliquescent and should be kept in an oven at 130o before use. It can be dried in a vacuum at 120o/P2O5 [Partington & Winterton Trans Faraday Soc 30 1104 1934]. Its solubility in H2O is 113% at 10o, 178% at 46o, 225.6% at 101.4o; in MeOH 35% at 15.8o, 51% at 48o, 53.5% at 52.3o; in EtOH 18.4% at 18.8o, 24.4% at 70.9o; and in Me2CO 6.85% at 18.8o and 21.4% at 56o [Hughes & Mead J Chem Soc 2282 1929]. Sodium thiocyanate has also been recrystallised from water, acetonitrile or from MeOH using Et2O for washing, then dried at 130o, or dried under vacuum at 60o for 2days. [Strasser et al. J Am Chem Soc 107 789 1985, Szezygiel et al. J Am Chem Soc 91 1252 1987.] (The latter purification removes material reacting with iodine.) Sodium thiocyanate solutions can be freed from traces of iron by repeated batch extractions with Et2O.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 540-72-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 540-72:
(5*5)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*7)+(1*2)=57
57 % 10 = 7
So 540-72-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CNS.Na/c2-1-3;/q-1;+1
540-72-7Relevant articles and documents
Microdetection of carbon in organic and inorganic compounds by ignition with sodium amide.
MOMOSE,UEDA,MUKAI
, p. 322 - 322 (1958)
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COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HYDRIDO-TRICYANO-BORATE ANIONS
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Page/Page column 52, (2013/02/28)
The present invention relates to compounds containing hydrido-tricya-borate anions, their preparation and their use, in particular as part of electrolyte formulations for electrochemical or optoelectronic devices.
Recovery of sodium thiocynate from industrial process solution using nanofiltration technique
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Page/Page column 6-11, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to a membrane-based nanofiltration process for separating sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) from industrial solution containing impurities such as β-sulfopropionic acid, β-sulfopropionitrile, sodium sulfate and salts of iron and calcium in a single step to obtain a colorless aqueous solution for spinning of acrylic fibre in textile industry.
Complexation of phosphoryl-containing mono-, bi- and tri-podands with alkali cations in acetonitrile. Structure of the complexes and binding selectivity
Solov'ev, Vitaly P.,Baulin, Vladimir E.,Strakhova, Nadezhda N.,Kazachenko, Vladimir P.,Belsky, Vitaly K.,Varnek, Alexandre A.,Volkova, Tatiana A.,Wipff, Georges
, p. 1489 - 1498 (2007/10/03)
We present experimental and theoretical studies on new ionophores (L) which possess a high complexation ability for Li+or Na+cations. Four tri-podands(R1-O-C2H4-)3N[R 1 = -CH2-P(O)Ph2(P1), -C2H4-P(O)Ph2 (P2), -o-C6H4P(O)Ph2 (P3) and -o-C6H4-CH2-P(O)Ph2 (P4)], one bi-podand (R2-O-C2H4-)2N-CH3 [R2 = -o-C6H4-CH2-P(O)Ph2 (P5)] and one mono-podand [R2-O-(CH2-CH2-O)3R2 (P6)] containing phosphine oxide terminal groups have been synthesised. Stability constants, enthalpies and entropies of their complexation with lithium, sodium and potassium thiocyanates have been determined in acetonitrile at 298 K by a calorimetric titration technique. We find that tri-podands form a variety of complexes [(M+)3L, (M+)2L, M+L and M+L2)], whereas the bi- and mono-podand form only M+L complexes with Li+ and Na+, and M+L and M+L2 complexes with K+. Formation of poly-nuclear (M+)nL complexes of tri-podands in solution has been confirmed by electro-spray mass spectrometry. At relatively small concentrations of the ligand (CL0)S P1 binds Na+ much better than Li+, whereas P4 and P5 display a remarkable Li+/Na+ selectivity; at large CL0 the complexation selectivity decreases. X-Ray diffraction studies performed on monocrystals of complexes of NaNCS with tri-podands P2 and P3 show that Na+ is encapsulated inside a 'basket-like' pseudocavity, coordinating all donor atoms of the tri-podand. Molecular dynamics simulations on P2, P3 and P4 and on their 1:1 complexes with M+ in acetonitrile solution suggest that the structures of M+L complexes in solution are similar to those found for P2 and P3 complexes in the solid state.