67-03-8 Usage
Description
Thiamine hydrochloride, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes required for overall human health. It is essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses, and acetylcholine synthesis. Thiamine hydrochloride helps prevent various health problems, including heart damage and is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, functioning of nerve tissues, and the prevention of beriberi.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of thiamine deficiency states, which may occur due to inadequate nutrition or intestinal malabsorption. It is also used for the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi, and thiamine deficiency related to chronic alcoholism.
Used in Food Industry:
Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a food additive to add a brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups. It is also used as a food supplement and flavoring ingredient with a bitter taste.
Used in Enriched Flour:
Thiamine hydrochloride is used in enriched flour to enhance its nutritional value.
Used in Beverage Powders:
Thiamine mononitrate, a more stable form of thiamine hydrochloride, is used in beverage powders due to its lower hygroscopicity and stability.
Used in Frozen Egg Substitute and Crackers:
Thiamine mononitrate is found in frozen egg substitutes and crackers, contributing to their nutritional content.
Used in Dietary Sources:
Thiamine is an essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. It is biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants and is found in dietary sources such as whole grains, meat products, vegetables, milk, legumes, and fruit. It is also present in rice husks and yeast.
Used in Coenzyme Synthesis:
Thiamine is converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids, which is essential for various cellular processes.
Used in the Synthesis of Ribose:
Thiamine hydrochloride acts as a cofactor required for the oxidation of carbohydrates and for the synthesis of ribose, an important component of nucleic acids.
Occurrence:
Thiamine hydrochloride is found in rice husks, yeast, milk, green leaves, roots, tubers, seeds, and different animal organs and muscles.
References
[1] https://www.drugs.com
[2] Shmuel Yannai (2012) Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD-ROM, Second Edition
[3] https://www.medicines.org.uk
Preparation
By linking the preformed thiazole and pyrimidine ring system.
Health Hazard
Diseases and disorders resulting from a deficiency of thiamine include beriberi, opisthotonos (in birds), polyneuritis, hyperesthesia, bradycardia, and edema. Rather than a specific disease, beriberi may be described as a clinical state resulting from a thiamine deficiency. In body cells, thiamine pyrophosphate is required for removing carbon dioxide from various substances, including pyruvic acid.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Thiamine is an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency of thiamine causes beriberi, a neurological and cardiovascular disease. Thiamine is administered in case of deficiency, either due to reduced intake or synthesis. Congenital defect in the thiamine transporter gene SLC19A2 causes thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA). Thiamine mimics acetylcholine in brain and possible exerts a role in Alzheimer′s disease. Thiamine deficiency in ruminants causes polioencephalomalacia.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by
ingestion. The vitamin is destroyed by
alkalies and alkaline drugs such as
phenobarbital sodium and by oxidzing and
reducing agents. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
HCl, Cl-, SOx, and NOx.
Environmental Fate
Thiamine and its common phosphate analogs are readily
soluble in water and ubiquitously utilized in nature.
Purification Methods
The hydrochloride crystallises from 95% EtOH (solubility is ca 1%). The monohydrate is dehydrated at 100o in vacuo over H2SO4, but is hygroscopic and picks up one molecule of H2O readily. It can be sterilised at 100o if the pH of the solution is below 5.5. The nitrate has m 196-200o(dec) and is more stable than the hydrochloride. The picrolonate crystallises from H2O and is dimorphic, m 164-165o and 228-229o(dec). [Todd & Bergel J Chem Soc 364, 367 1937, J Am Chem Soc 58 1063, 1504 1936, 59 526 1937, Beilstein 27 IV 1766.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 67-03-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 67-03:
(4*6)+(3*7)+(2*0)+(1*3)=48
48 % 10 = 8
So 67-03-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2C12H17N4OS.4ClH/c2*1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13;;;;/h2*5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15);4*1H/q2*+1;;;;/p-4
67-03-8Relevant articles and documents
Possible impurities in 2-methyl-4-amino-5-chloromethylpyrimidine and the resulting quality of vitamin B1
Litvak
, p. 101 - 103 (1999)
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Synthetic process for chlorinated thiazole onium hydrochloride
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Paragraph 0027; 0028; 0029; 0030; 0031; 0032, (2017/06/06)
The invention provides a synthetic process for chlorinated thiazole onium hydrochloride. The synthetic process includes the following steps that sulfo-thiamine hydrochloride and hydrochloric acid are added into a three-neck flask, and then the flask is put into a freezing tank and cooled to minus 10 DEG C; hydrogen peroxide is added slowly, and the temperature is controlled to be minus 10 DEG C; after addition of hydrogen peroxide is finished, reaction is carried out for 20 h on the heat preservation condition; after heat preservation is finished, chlorinated thiazole onium hydrochloride is filtered, separated out, cleaned with methyl alcohol and dried to obtain the finished chlorinated thiazole onium hydrochloride product. The synthetic process has the advantages of shortening the process route, saving reaction time, reducing production cost, reducing discharge of salt-bearing wastewater and the like.
Controlled release pharmaceutical preparation
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, (2008/06/13)
A controlled release pharmaceutical preparation comprising a core containing a medicinal compound and a coating layer containing a water-repellent salt and a water-insoluble and slightly water-permeable acrylic polymer having trimethylammoniumethyl group. Said preparation releases a medicinal compound in a sigmoid type dissolution pattern irrespective of the PH of a dissolution medium.
