7429-91-6 Usage
Description
Dysprosium is a soft, malleable, silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoid series of metals. It has the symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and a relative atomic mass of 162.50. With a melting point of 1,412°C and a boiling point of 2,567°C, it is the 43rd most abundant element on Earth and ranks ninth in abundance among the rare-earths found in the Earth's crust. Dysprosium is usually found as an oxide (disprosia) and is associated with other lanthanoids. It is known for its high magnetic moment and is used in various applications due to its unique properties.
Uses
Used in Permanent Magnets Industry:
Dysprosium is used as an essential additive in Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) high-strength permanent magnets. It raises the Curie temperature and improves temperature coefficient, enhancing the overall performance of the magnets.
Used in Ceramic Industry:
Dysprosium is utilized in special ceramic compositions based on BaTiO formulations, contributing to their unique properties.
Used in Laser Materials and Commercial Lighting:
Dysprosium, in conjunction with Vanadium and other elements, is used in the production of laser materials and commercial lighting, thanks to its unique optical properties.
Used in Nanofiber Reinforcement and Catalysis:
Nanofibers of Dysprosium compounds have high strength and a large surface area, making them suitable for reinforcing other materials and as catalysts.
Used in Research and Development:
Recent research has explored the use of Dysprosium in Dysprosium-iron-garnet (DyFeG) and silicon implanted with Dysprosium and Holmium to form donor centers, expanding its potential applications.
Used in Magnetostrictive Alloys:
High purity Dysprosium Metal is used in the magnetostrictive alloy TEFENOL-D, which has potential applications in various industries.
Used in Data-Storage Applications:
Dysprosium Metal is highly susceptible to magnetization, making it suitable for use in various data-storage applications, such as hard disks.
Used in Nuclear Technology:
Dysprosium is considered as a possible alloy metal with steel to make control rods that absorb neutrons in nuclear reactors, showcasing its potential in nuclear technology.
Used in Older TV and Computer Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs):
Dysprosium has been used as a fluorescence activator for the phosphors used to produce colors in older TV and computer CRTs.
Physical Properties:
Dysprosium is a dense metal with a specific gravity of 8.540. It is soft and appears as a silvery metal that oxidizes slowly at room temperatures. The white oxide (Dy2O3) that forms on the outside of the metal sloughs off, exposing a fresh surface for more oxidation.
Occurrence:
Dysprosium is found in the minerals monazite and allanite, which are extracted from river sands of India, Africa, South America, and Australia, as well as the beaches of Florida. It is also found in the mineral bastnasite in California.
Chemical Properties:
Dysprosium is available in the form of metal ingots and is known for its unique chemical properties, which contribute to its various applications in different industries.
Isotopes
There are a total of 39 isotopes of dysprosium, seven of which are stable. Theatomic mass of the stable isotopes ranges from 156 to 164 amu (atomic mass units oratomic weight). The unstable isotopes of dysprosium have half-lives ranging from 150milliseconds to 3.0×10+6 years. All of the unstable isotopes are radioactive and are producedartificially.
Origin of Name
The word dysprosium was derived from the Greek word dysprositos,
which means “difficult to approach.”
Characteristics
Dysprosium, with characteristics similar to most of the other rare-earths, was difficult todiscover. Although dysprosium does not react rapidly with moist air at low temperatures, it does react with water and the halogens at high temperatures. It also reacts in solutions of weakacids. At low temperatures, dysprosium is strongly magnetic.
History
Dysprosium was discovered in 1886 by
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but not isolated. Neither the oxide
nor the metal was available in relatively pure form until the
development of ion-exchange separation and metallographic
reduction techniques by Spedding and associates about 1950.
Dysprosium occurs along with other so-called rare-earth or
lanthanide elements in a variety of minerals such as xenotime,
fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, and blomstrandine.
The most important sources, however, are from monazite and
bastnasite. Dysprosium can be prepared by reduction of the
trifluoride with calcium. The element has a metallic, bright
silver luster. It is relatively stable in air at room temperature,
and is readily attacked and dissolved, with the evolution of hydrogen,
by dilute and concentrated mineral acids. The metal
is soft enough to be cut with a knife and can be machined
without sparking if overheating is avoided. Small amounts
of impurities can greatly affect its physical properties. While
dysprosium has not yet found many applications, its thermal
neutron absorption cross-section and high melting point suggest
metallurgical uses in nuclear control applications and for
alloying with special stainless steels. A dysprosium oxide-nickel
cermet has found use in cooling nuclear reactor rods. This
cermet absorbs neutrons readily without swelling or contracting
under prolonged neutron bombardment. In combination
with vanadium and other rare earths, dysprosium has been
used in making laser materials. Dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides,
as sources of infrared radiation, have been used for
studying chemical reactions. The cost of dysprosium metal
has dropped in recent years since the development of ionexchange
and solvent extraction techniques, and the discovery
of large ore bodies. Thirty-two isotopes and isomers are
now known. The metal costs about $6/g (99.9% purity).
Hazard
Dysprosium nitrate [Dy2(NO3)3] is a strong oxidizing agent and will ignite when in contactwith organic material. Most dysprosium salts are toxic if ingested or inhaled.
Flammability and Explosibility
Flammable
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7429-91-6 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,4,2 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7429-91:
(6*7)+(5*4)+(4*2)+(3*9)+(2*9)+(1*1)=116
116 % 10 = 6
So 7429-91-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Dy
