8009-03-8

Basic information

• Product Name: Petrolatum
• Synonyms: pennsolinesoftyellow;penrecowhite;perfecta;petrolatumusp;protopet,alba;protopet,white1s;protopet,white2l;saxoline
• CAS NO: 8009-03-8
• Molecular Formula: C15H15N
• Molecular Weight: 209.2863
• EINECS: 232-315-6
• Product Categories: UVCBs-organic
• Mol File: 8009-03-8.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 70-80 °C ((ASTM D 127))
• Boiling Point: 322 °C
• Flash Point: 198 °C
• Appearance: white/extra-low viscosity
• Density: 0.84
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.45
• Storage Temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
• Solubility: Practically insoluble in acetone, ethanol, hot or cold ethanol (95%), glycerin, and water; soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ether, hexane, and most fixed and volatile oils.
• Water Solubility: Insoluble in water
• Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• CAS DataBase Reference: Petrolatum(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Petrolatum(8009-03-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Petrolatum(8009-03-8)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 45
• Safety Statements: 24/25-45-53
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: RV0350000
• Hazardous Substances Data: 8009-03-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly or Vaseline, is a pale yellow to yellow-colored, translucent, soft unctuous mass derived from petroleum. It is odorless, tasteless, and slightly fluorescent by daylight. Petrolatum is insoluble in water and almost insoluble in cold or hot ethanol, but soluble in ether, hexane, and most volatile or non-volatile oils.

Uses

Used in Cosmetic Industry:
Petrolatum is used as a substrate in hair cream, hair conditioner, eye cream, and lipstick due to its lipophilic property, good adhesion, and chemical inertness.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Medical petrolatum (vaseline) is used as the matrix of ointment because it is almost compatible with all drugs without changes in drugs. Hydrophilic petrolatum can be prepared by adding alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and cholesterol, making it an ointment base with strong permeability, stability, and small stimulation.
Used in Skin Care:
Petrolatum can be used alone for dry skin rash, erythema, papules, and other diseases, especially for the removal of blood scab and desquamation. It softens and smoothes the skin, forming a film on the skin's surface to prevent moisture loss and protect against irritation.
Used in Food Industry:
Petrolatum is used as a release agent, lubricant, and defoaming agent in bakery products, dehydrated fruits and vegetables, and egg white solids.
Used in Industrial Applications:
Industrial petrolatum can be used as a rubber softener, anti-rust for metal devices, and raw material for rust-proof grease.
Used in Mechanical Equipment:
Petrolatum can be used as lubricating grease in anti-attrition parts of machines when the temperature is not high and the mechanical load is not large.
Used in High-End Cosmetics and Daily Necessities:
Petrolatum can be used as an ingredient in high-end cosmetics and other daily necessities, such as skin care cream, hair cream, and lipstick pomade.
Used as a Pharmaceutic Aid:
Petrolatum serves as an ointment base and oleaginous protectant for topical applications.
Brand Name:
Moroline (Schering-Plough HealthCare).

Summary

Petrolatum (Vaseline) is the malthenes purified from lubrication oil, the mixture of residue oil and cerate. It is an important lubricant for medicines, cosmetics, fine chemical raw materials and precision instruments. In China, major vaseline products include ordinary vaseline, industrial vaseline and medical vaseline. Ordinary vaseline is suitable for the preparation of various ointments and softener of dark rubber products; industrial vaseline can be used to protect metal products and general machinery parts against rust and lubricate machines under light loads, but also can be used as treating compound for leather and rubber softener. Vaseline products are mainly concentrated in the medicinal Vaseline, which is divided into two: medical white vaseline and medical yellow Vaseline. Medical Vaseline is mainly used in the preparation of ointment, skin protection cream and cosmetics raw materials, as well as antirust and lubricating materials for medical instruments and precision instruments.

Performance

White or yellow homogeneous paste, almost odorless and tasteless, a mixture of liquid and solid paraffin hydrocarbons. Relative density: 0.815~0.830, viscosity: 0.01 ~ 0.02 Pa?s (100℃), flash point > 190℃ (open type), drop point: about 37~54℃. It is easy to dissolve in ethyl ether, petroleum ether, fatty oil, benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform and turpentine, difficult to dissolve in ethanol and almost insoluble in water. It is heated into a transparent liquid, which can be fluorescent in the dark after ultraviolet radiation.

Production

Acid-carclazyte method Acid-carclazyte method is a traditional method for the production of petrolatum (vaseline), which is still in use at home and abroad. In the process, add sulfuric acid with more than 98% concentration measured up to about 60% of raw materials and mix it with the raw material in the reactor. The reaction temperature is kept at 70℃. After the reaction, the acid residue is separated and diluted with alcohol to further remove the acid residue. The oil treated with acid in another clay refining tank is decolorized with carclazyte at about 140℃, and then filtered to obtain the final product. The characteristics of the acid-carclazyte method: the high-quality parts can be produced, PAHs can reach the level of pharmaceutical grade and other relevant indicators can meet the quality index of the pharmacopoeia, which is the reason of traditional craft’s long time existence. The main disadvantage of the method is too low goal product yield (about 50%) and a large number of acid residues which is difficult to be utilized resulting in serious environmental pollution and very high production cost. Aluminum chloride method Aluminum chloride method has taken place of acid-carclazyte method to produce vaseline from 60s at home. The process is as follows: the raw material reacts with aluminum chloride after dehydration in the reactor, reaction temperature is between 130℃ to 140℃. After the reaction, the oil will be neutralized and precipitated with alkali liquor in the neutralization tank. Then remove the slag and refine by carclazyte adsorption in the decolorizing tank. Vaseline product is obtained by filtering refined oil at about 120℃. The yield of aluminum chloride method is higher than that of acid-carclazyte method, and consumption index seems lower, but the quality is slightly worse; compared with vaseline produced by medium-pressure hydrocracking and high pressure hydrogenation was there is a great gap in color, transparency, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and so on. Hydrogenation method Hydrogenation method is a new process for the production of vaseline, which is usually carried out with 10, 20, or 30MPa and lower liquid hourly space velocity. The process is to convert the useless components in the raw materials into effective components, so that the product yield can be nearly 100%. But aluminum chloride method or acid-carclazyte method changes useless components into waste slags to dump containing effective components, which reduces the product yield. Due to the product yield, the refining extent of luminum chloride method or acid-carclazyte method is also limited, thus limiting the further improvement of product quality. So the hydrogenation method is better than aluminum chloride method and acid-carclazyte method both in product yield or quality. Figure 1. Economic comparison in three kinds of vaseline production processes Figure 2. Comparison in three wastes from three production processes of vaseline

Distinguishing test

Solubility: It is insoluble in water, easily soluble in carbon dioxide, soluble in ether and hexane (OT-42).

Toxicity

Safe for food (FDA, §172.880，2000). ADI has not been stipulated (FAO/WHO, 2001).

Utilization limit

Baked food 0.15%; candy 0.2%; dehydrated fruits and vegetables 0.02%; solid protein 0.1%(FDA，§172.880，2000).

Production Methods

Petrolatum is manufactured from the semisolid residue that remains after the steam or vacuum distillation of petroleum.This residue is dewaxed and/or blended with stock from other sources, along with lighter fractions, to give a product with the desired consistency. Final purification is performed by a combination of high-pressure hydrogenation or sulfuric acid treatment followed by filtration through adsorbents. A suitable antioxidant may be added.

Reactivity Profile

Petrolatum is unreactive in most circumstances.

Health Hazard

LIQUID: Irritating to eyes.

Fire Hazard

Combustible.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Pharmaceutical Applications

Petrolatum is mainly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations as an emollient-ointment base; it is poorly absorbed by the skin. Petrolatum is also used in creams and transdermal formulations and as an ingredient in lubricant formulations for medicated confectionery together with mineral oil. Therapeutically, sterile gauze dressings containing petrolatum may be used for nonadherent wound dressings or as a packing material.Petrolatum is additionally widely used in cosmetics and in some food applications.

Safety

Petrolatum is mainly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and is generally considered to be a nonirritant and nontoxic material. Animal studies, in mice, have shown petrolatum to be nontoxic and noncarcinogenic following administration of a single subcutaneous 100 mg dose. Similarly, no adverse effects were observed in a 2-year feeding study with rats fed a diet containing 5% of petrolatum blends. Although petrolatum is generally nonirritant in humans following topical application, rare instances of allergic hypersensitivity reactions have been reported,as have cases of acne, in susceptible individuals following repeated use on facial skin. However, given the widespread use of petrolatum in topical products, there are few reports of irritant reactions. The allergic components of petrolatum appear to be polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present as impurities. The quantities of these materials found in petrolatum vary depending upon the source and degree of refining. Hypersensitivity appears to occur less with white petrolatum and it is therefore the preferred material for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Petrolatum has also been tentatively implicated in the formation of spherulosis of the upper respiratory tract following use of a petrolatum-based ointment packing after surgery,and lipoid pneumonia following excessive use in the perinasal area.Other adverse reactions to petrolatum include granulomas (paraffinomas) following injection into soft tissue.Also, when taken orally, petrolatum acts as a mild laxative and may inhibit the absorption of lipids and lipid-soluble nutrients. Petrolatum is widely used in direct and indirect food applications. In the USA, the daily dietary exposure to petrolatum is estimated to be 0.404 mg/kg body-weight. For further information see Mineral Oil and Paraffin.

storage

Petrolatum is an inherently stable material owing to the unreactive nature of its hydrocarbon components; most stability problems occur because of the presence of small quantities of impurities. On exposure to light, these impurities may be oxidized to discolor the petrolatum and produce an undesirable odor. The extent of the oxidation varies depending upon the source of the petrolatum and the degree of refinement. Oxidation may be inhibited by the inclusion of a suitable antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, or alpha tocopherol. Petrolatum should not be heated for extended periods above the temperature necessary to achieve complete fluidity (approximately 70°C). Petrolatum may be sterilized by dry heat. Although petrolatum may also be sterilized by gamma irradiation, this process affects the physical properties of the petrolatum such as swelling, discoloration, odor, and rheological behavior. Petrolatum should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Incompatibilities

Petrolatum is an inert material with few incompatibilities.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use in certain food applications in many countries worldwide. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules and tablets; otic, topical, and transdermal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.