877399-51-4Relevant articles and documents
Mild and Robust Stille Reactions in Water using Parts Per Million Levels of a Triphenylphosphine-Based Palladacycle
Takale, Balaram S.,Thakore, Ruchita R.,Casotti, Gianluca,Li, Xaiohan,Gallou, Fabrice,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
supporting information, p. 4158 - 4163 (2021/02/01)
An inexpensive and new triphenylphosphine-based palladacycle has been developed as a pre-catalyst, leading to highly effective Stille cross-coupling reactions in water under mild reaction conditions. Only 500–1000 ppm of Pd suffices for couplings involving a variety of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aryl/hetaryl stannanes. Several drug intermediates can be prepared using this catalyst in aqueous nanoreactors formed by 2 wt % Brij-30 in water.
Development and biological investigations of hypoxia-sensitive prodrugs of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib
Berger, Walter,Bielec, Bjoern,Heffeter, Petra,Keppler, Bernhard K.,Kowol, Christian R.,Schueffl, Hemma,Terenzi, Alessio
, (2020/04/01)
Despite the huge success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents, severe side effects are a major problem. In order to overcome this drawback, the first hypoxia-activatable 2-nitroimidazole-based prodrugs of the clinically approved ALK and c-MET inhibitor crizotinib were developed. The 2-aminopyridine functionality of crizotinib (essential for target kinase binding) was considered as ideal position for prodrug derivatization. Consequently, two different prodrugs were synthesized with the nitroimidazole unit attached to crizotinib either via carbamoylation (A) or alkylation (B) of the 2-aminopyridine moiety. The successful prodrug design could be proven by docking studies and a dramatically reduced ALK and c-MET kinase-inhibitory potential. Furthermore, the prodrugs showed high stability in serum and release of crizotinib in an enzymatic nitroreductase-based cleavage assay was observed for prodrug A. The in vitro activity of both prodrugs was investigated against ALK- and c-MET-dependent or –overexpressing cells, revealing a distinct hypoxia-dependent activation for prodrug A. Finally, inhibition of c-MET phosphorylation and cell proliferation could also be proven in vivo. In summary of the theoretical, chemical and biological studies, prodrug derivatization of the 2-aminopyridine position can be considered as a promising strategy to reduce the side effects and improve the anticancer activity of crizotinib.
Palladium removal method for crizotinib intermediate
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Paragraph 0031-0051, (2020/07/15)
The invention discloses a method for removing palladium from a crizotinib intermediate. The method comprises the following steps: adding a heavy metal ion remover into a palladium-containing reactionsolution; after the remover is separated, a solid is sep