- Catalytic synthesis of benzimidazoles and organic carbamates using a polymer supported zinc catalyst through CO2 fixation
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Utilization of carbon dioxide in chemical fixation for synthesis of fine chemicals like benzimidazoles, organic carbamates, etc. is in high demand in recent years as carbon dioxide is a cost effective, sustainable, and green renewable C1 source. In this article we present the design and synthesis of an organically modified polystyrene bound heterogeneous [PS-Zn(ii)-SALTETA] catalyst. The catalyst has been characterized thoroughly by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, PXRD, SEM and EDAX studies. The catalyst was used for cyclization of o-phenylenediamines through insertion of carbon dioxide in order to produce benzimidazoles in the presence of dimethylamine borane (DMAB). The developed catalytic procedure is sustainable, economical and efficient owing to the utilization of ethanol/water as a biodegradable and environment friendly solvent system. Besides benzimidazole production the catalyst was also very active for manufacture of organic carbamates from anilines and n-butyl bromide under atmospheric CO2 pressure under solvent free conditions at room temperature and the catalytic protocol showed outstanding functional group tolerance. Moreover the catalyst is highly recyclable and reusable.
- Biswas, Imdadul Haque,Biswas, Surajit,Islam, Md Sarikul,Riyajuddin, Sk,Sarkar, Priyanka,Ghosh, Kaushik,Islam, Sk Manirul
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- Metal-Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of d -Glucose with o-Phenylenediamines in Water
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d-Glucose has been identified as an efficient C1 synthon in the synthesis of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines via an oxidative cyclization strategy. Isotopic studies with 13C6-d-glucose and D2O unambiguously confirmed the source of methine. The notable features of this method include the following: broad functional group tolerance, a biorenewable methine source, excellent reaction yields, a short reaction time, water as an environmentally benign solvent, and the synthesis of vitamin B12 component on the gram scale.
- Raja, Dineshkumar,Philips, Abigail,Palani, Pushbaraj,Lin, Wei-Yu,Devikala, Sundaramurthy,Senadi, Gopal Chandru
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- Base substituted 5′-O-(N-isoleucyl)sulfamoyl nucleoside analogues as potential antibacterial agents
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Aminoacyl-sulfamoyl adenosines are well-known nanomolar inhibitors of the corresponding prokaryotic and eukaryotic tRNA synthetases in vitro. Inspired by the aryl-tetrazole containing compounds of Cubist Pharmaceuticals and the modified base as found in the natural antibiotic albomycin, the selectivity issue of the sulfamoylated adenosines prompted us to investigate the pharmacophoric importance of the adenine base. We therefore synthesized and evaluated several isoleucyl-sulfamoyl nucleoside analogues with either uracil, cytosine, hypoxanthine, guanine, 1,3-dideaza-adenine (benzimidazole) or 4-nitro-benzimidazole as the heterocyclic base. Based on the structure and antibacterial activity of microcin C, we also prepared their hexapeptidyl conjugates in an effort to improve their uptake potential. We further compared their antibacterial activity with the parent isoleucyl-sulfamoyl adenosine (Ile-SA), both in in vitro and in cellular assays. Surprisingly, the strongest in vitro inhibition was found for the uracil containing analogue 16f. Unfortunately, only very weak growth inhibitory properties were found as of low uptake. The results are discussed in the light of previous literature findings.
- Gadakh, Bharat,Vondenhoff, Gaston,Lescrinier, Eveline,Rozenski, Jef,Froeyen, Mathy,Van Aerschot, Arthur
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- Synthesis and evaluation of analogs of 5′-(((Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl)methylamino)-5′-deoxyadenosine (MDL 73811, or AbeAdo) – An inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase with antitrypanosomal activity
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We describe our efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of a mechanism-based suicide inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), essential for the survival of the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma brucei responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). The lead compound, 5′-(((Z)-4-amino-2-butenyl)methylamino)-5′-deoxyadenosine (1, also known as MDL 73811, or AbeAdo), has curative efficacy at a low dosage in a hemolymphatic model of HAT but displayed no demonstrable effect in a mouse model of the CNS stage of HAT due to poor blood–brain barrier permeation. Therefore, we prepared and evaluated an extensive set of analogs with modifications in the aminobutenyl side chain, the 5′-amine, the ribose, and the purine fragments. Although we gained valuable structure–activity insights from this comprehensive dataset, we did not gain traction on improving the prospects for CNS penetration while retaining the potent antiparasitic activity and metabolic stability of the lead compound 1.
- Brockway, Anthony J.,Volkov, Oleg A.,Cosner, Casey C.,MacMillan, Karen S.,Wring, Stephen A.,Richardson, Thomas E.,Peel, Michael,Phillips, Margaret A.,De Brabander, Jef K.
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- An improved procedure for the synthesis of 1,3-dideazaadenosine
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The preparation of the titled compound has been conveniently achieved in five steps, and in 43% overall yield. The large scale monoreduction of 2,6-dinitroaniline, and the stannic chloride catalyzed glycosylation of 4 to obtain 6 as the only product (86%) are two important reactions in this five step synthesis.
- Devlin,Jebaratnam
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- SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE CARBOXAMIDES AND THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF MEDICAL DISORDERS
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The invention provides substituted benzimidazole carboxamides and related compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat a medical disorder, e.g., cancer, lysosomal storage disorder, neurodegenerative disorder, inflammatory disorder, in a patient.
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Paragraph 00297; 00309-00310; 0074
(2021/04/01)
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- Microwave use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds method
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The invention discloses a microwave the use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds, in the aqueous phase under microwave conditions adding benzoic amidine compound under alkaline condition [...] into benzimidazole reaction, invention an environment-friendly, the operation is simple, cheap and safe, efficient process for preparing benzimidazole method. Compared with the prior art, this method not only can be applied to a large number of functional groups, the productive rate is high, few by-products, and the operation is simple, safe, low cost, environmental protection; .
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Paragraph 0095
(2019/03/28)
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- Cu@U-g-C3N4 Catalyzed Cyclization of o-Phenylenediamines for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Using CO2 and Dimethylamine Borane as a Hydrogen Source
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Abstract: This work reports a green and sustainable route for the synthesis of benzimidazoles via C–N bond formation using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 carbon source. In this work, Cu@U-g-C3N4 catalyst was prepared from urea derived porous graphitic carbon?nitride (U-g-C3N4) and CuCl2 and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TPD etc. The Cu@U-g-C3N4 as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst has been employed first time for the cyclization of o-phenylenediamines (OPD) with CO2 to benzimidazoles using dimethylamine borane (DMAB). The proposed protocol becomes sustainable and efficient due to the use of propylene carbonate/water as a suitable biodegradable, economical and environmentally benign solvent system. The proposed catalytic system showed a wide range of substrate scope for the synthesis of benzimidazoles in good to excellent yields. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Phatake, Vishal V.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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p. 347 - 359
(2018/11/23)
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- Atom-Specific Mutagenesis Reveals Structural and Catalytic Roles for an Active-Site Adenosine and Hydrated Mg2+ in Pistol Ribozymes
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The pistol RNA motif represents a new class of self-cleaving ribozymes of yet unknown biological function. Our recent crystal structure of a pre-catalytic state of this RNA shows guanosine G40 and adenosine A32 close to the G53–U54 cleavage site. While the N1 of G40 is within 3.4 ? of the modeled G53 2′-OH group that attacks the scissile phosphate, thus suggesting a direct role in general acid–base catalysis, the function of A32 is less clear. We present evidence from atom-specific mutagenesis that neither the N1 nor N3 base positions of A32 are involved in catalysis. By contrast, the ribose 2′-OH of A32 seems crucial for the proper positioning of G40 through a H-bond network that involves G42 as a bridging unit between A32 and G40. We also found that disruption of the inner-sphere coordination of the active-site Mg2+ cation to N7 of G33 makes the ribozyme drastically slower. A mechanistic proposal is suggested, with A32 playing a structural role and hydrated Mg2+ playing a catalytic role in cleavage.
- Neuner, Sandro,Falschlunger, Christoph,Fuchs, Elisabeth,Himmelstoss, Maximilian,Ren, Aiming,Patel, Dinshaw J.,Micura, Ronald
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supporting information
p. 15954 - 15958
(2017/11/21)
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- THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE
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Provided are methods of treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1/2 comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound described here.
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Page/Page column 162
(2015/02/19)
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- THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF
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Provided are therapeutically active compounds and the use in manufacture of medicaments for treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1.
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(2015/02/19)
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- THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE
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Provided are methods of treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1/2 comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound described here.
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(2015/02/19)
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- THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE
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Provided are methods of treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1/2 comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound described here.
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Page/Page column 161; 162
(2013/07/31)
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- THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR METHODS OF USE
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Provided are methods of treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1/2 comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound described here.
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(2013/07/31)
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- Investigating chelating sulfonamides and their use in metalloproteinase inhibitors
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPi) utilize zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) to chelate the catalytic Zn(ii) ion resulting in enzyme inhibition. Adapting findings from the literature of Zn(ii) ion sensors, we previously reported chelating sulfonamide inh
- Tanakit, Alisa,Rouffet, Matthieu,Martin, David P.,Cohen, Seth M.
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experimental part
p. 6507 - 6515
(2012/09/21)
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- Contiguous metal-mediated base pairs comprising two AgI ions
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The incorporation of transition-metal ions into nucleic acids by using metal-mediated base pairs has proved to be a promising strategy for the site-specific functionalization of these biomolecules. We report herein the formation of Ag+-mediated Hoogsteen-type base pairs comprising 1,3-dideaza-2′-deoxyadenosine and thymidine. By defunctionalizing the Watson-Crick edge of adenine, the formation of regular base pairs is prohibited. The additional substitution of the N3 nitrogen atom of adenine by a methine moiety increases the basicity of the exocyclic amino group. Hence, 1,3-dideazaadenine and thymine are able to incorporate two Ag+ ions into their Hoogsteen-type base pair (as compared with one Ag+ ion in base pairs with 1-deazaadenine and thymine). We show by using a combination of experimental techniques (UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering, and mass spectrometry) that this type of base pair is compatible with different sequence contexts and can be used contiguously in DNA double helices. The most stable duplexes were observed when using a sequence containing alternating purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations have been performed to provide insight into the structure, formation and stabilization of the twofold metalated base pair. They revealed that the metal ions within a base pair are separated by an Ag...Ag distance of about 2.88 A. The Ag-Ag interaction contributes some 16 kcal mol-1 to the overall stability of the doubly metal-mediated base pair, with the dominant contribution to the Ag-Ag bonding resulting from a donor-acceptor interaction between silver 4d-type and 4s orbitals. These Hoogsteen-type base pairs enable a higher functionalization of nucleic acids with metal ions than previously reported metal-mediated base pairs, thereby increasing the potential of DNA-based nanotechnology. Copyright
- Megger, Dominik A.,Fonseca Guerra, Celia,Hoffmann, Jan,Brutschy, Bernhard,Bickelhaupt, F. Matthias,Mueller, Jens
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scheme or table
p. 6533 - 6544
(2011/08/07)
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- RAF INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Compounds of Formulas (I), (IIA) and (IIIA) are useful for inhibiting Raf kinase and for treating disorders mediated thereby. Methods of using compounds of Formulas (I), (IIA) and (IIIA) and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions are disclosed.
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(2010/04/23)
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- Silver(I)-mediated cytosine self-pairing is preferred over hoogsteen-type base pairs with the artificial nucleobase 1,3-dideaza-6-nitropurine
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A 2′-deoxyribonucleoside containing 1,3-dideaza-6-nitropurine was synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides. The acid-base properties of this nucleoside and the corresponding N9-methylated derivative were investigated by pD-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy. A possible formation of Hoogsteen-type base pairs with cytosine was studied by ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in the presence and absence of Ag(I) and under neutral and acidic conditions, respectively. In each case, no indication for the formation of Hoogsteen-type base pairs was obtained, which is attributed to the higher affinity of cytosine to form self-complementary hemi-protonated base pairs under acidic conditions and metal-mediated homo base pairs in presence of Ag(I), respectively.
- Megger, Dominik A.,Mueller, Jens
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scheme or table
p. 27 - 38
(2010/07/06)
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- Certain substituted ureas, as modulators of kinase activity
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Certain chemical entities chosen from compounds of Formula 1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, chelates, non-covalent complexes, and prodrugs thereof, are provided herein. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one chemical entity
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(2010/11/24)
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- The nucleoside transport proteins, NupC and NupG, from Escherichia coli: Specific structural motifs necessary for the binding of ligands
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A series of 46 natural nucleosides and analogues (mainly adenosine-based) were tested as inhibitors of [U-14C]uridine uptake by the concentrative, H+-linked nucleoside transport proteins NupC and NupG from Escherichia coli. The two evolutionarily unrelated transporters showed similar but distinct patterns of inhibition, revealing differing selectivities for the different nucleosides and their analogues. Binding of nucleosides to NupG required the presence of hydroxyl groups at each of the C-3′ and C-5′ positions of ribose, while binding to NupC required only the C-3′ hydroxyl substituent. The greater importance of the ribose moiety for binding to NupG is consistent with the evolutionary relationship between this protein and the oligosaccharide: H+ symporter (OHS) subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters. For both proteins the natural α-configuration at C-3′ and the natural β-configuration at C-1′ was mandatory for ligand binding. N-7 in the imidazole ring of adenosine and the amino group at C-6 were found not to be important for binding and both transporters showed flexibility for substitution at C-6/N6; one or both of N-l and N-3 were important for adenosine analogue binding to NupC but significantly less so for binding to NupG. From the different effects of 8-bromoadenosine on the two transporters it appears that adenosine selectively binds to NupC in an anti- rather than a syn-conformation, whereas NupG is less prescriptive. The pattern of inhibition of NupC by differing nucleoside analogues confirmed the functional relationship of the bacterial transporter to members of the human concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) family and reaffirmed the use of the bacterial protein as an experimental model for these physiologically and clinically important mammalian proteins. The specificity data for NupG have been used to develop a homology model of the protein's binding site, based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of the disaccharide transporter LacY from E. coli. We have also developed an efficient general protocol for the synthesis of adenosine and three of its analogues, which is illustrated by the synthesis of [1′-13C]adenosine.
- Patching, Simon G.,Baldwin, Stephen A.,Baldwin, Alexander D.,Young, James D.,Gallagher, Maurice P.,Henderson, Peter J. F.,Herbert, Richard B.
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p. 462 - 470
(2007/10/03)
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- CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED AROMATIC INHIBITORS OF MICROSOMAL TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN AND METHOD
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Novel compounds are provided which are inhibitors of MTP and thus are useful for lowering serum lipids and treating atherosclerosis and related diseases, and have the structure (I) or (IA) or (IB) including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or prodrug esters thereof, wherein q is 0,1 or 2; R is H, alkyl, aryl or halogen; A is (1) a bond; (2) -O-; or (3) (i); B is: (ii) or (iii) or (iv) or (v) (wherein (a = 2, 3 or 4)) or (vi) or (vii) or (viii); and wherein L, L, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, X, (ix), (x) and (xi) are as defined herein.
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- A novel series of highly potent benzimidazole-based microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors
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A series of benzimidazole-based analogues of the potent MTP inhibitor BMS-201038 were discovered. Incorporation of an unsubstituted benzimidazole moiety in place of a piperidine group afforded potent inhibitors of MTP in vitro which were weakly active in vivo. Appropriate substitution on the benzimidazole ring, especially with small alkyl groups, led to dramatic increases in potency, both in a cellular assay of apoB secretion and especially in animal models of cholesterol lowering. The most potent in this series, 3g (BMS-212122), was significantly more potent than BMS-201038 in reducing plasma lipids (cholesterol, VLDL/LDL, TG) in both hamsters and cynomolgus monkeys.
- Robl,Sulsky,Sun,Simpkins,Wang,Dickson Jr.,Chen,Magnin,Taunk,Slusarchyk,Biller,Lan,Connolly,Kunselman,Sabrah,Jamil,Gordon,Harrity,Wetterau
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p. 851 - 856
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-antiviral activity relationship in the series of pyrimidine and purine N-[2-(2-phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] nucleotide analogues. 1. Derivatives substituted at the carbon atoms of the base
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A series of dialkyl esters of purine and pyrimidine N-[2- (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] derivatives substituted at position 2, 6, or 8 of the purine base or position 2, 4, or 5 of the pyrimidine base were prepared by alkylation of the appropriate heterocyclic base with 2- chloroethoxymethylphosphonate diester in the presence of sodium hydride, cesium carbonate, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in dimethylformamide. Additional derivatives were obtained by the transformations of the bases in the suitably modified intermediates bearing reactive functions at the base moiety. The diesters were converted to the corresponding monoesters by sodium azide treatment, while the free acids were obtained from the diester by successive treatment with bromotrimethylsilane and hydrolysis. None of the PME derivatives in the pyrimidine series, their 6-aza or 3-deaza analogues, exhibited any activity against DNA viruses or retroviruses tested, except for the 5-bromocytosine derivative. Substitution of the adenine ring in PMEA at position 2 by Cl, F, or OH group decreased the activity against all DNA viruses tested. PMEDAP was highly active against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in the concentration range (EC50) of 0.07-2 μg/mL. Also the 2-amino-6-chloropurine derivative was strongly active (EC50 = 0.1- 0.4 μg/mL) against herpes simplex viruses and (EC50 = 0.006-0.3 μg/mL) against CMV and VZV. PMEG was the most active compound of the whole series against DNA viruses (EC50 ~0.01-0.02 μg/mL), though it exhibited significant toxicity against the host cells. The base-modified compounds did not show any appreciable activity against DNA viruses except for 7-deazaPMEA (IC50 ~7.5 μg/mL) against HIV-1 and MSV. The neutral (diisopropyl, diisooctyl) diesters of PMEA were active against CMV and VZV, while the corresponding monoesters were inactive. The diisopropyl ester of the 2- chloroadenine analogue of PMEA showed substantially (10-100x) higher activity against CMV and VZV than the parent phosphonate. Also, the diisopropyl and diisooctyl ester of PMEDAP inhibited CMV and VZV, but esterification of the phosphonate residue did not improve the activity against either MSV or HIV.
- Holy, Antonín,Günter, Jaroslav,Dvo?áková, Hana,Masojídková, Milena,Andrei, Graciela,Snoeck, Robert,Balzarini, Jan,De Clercq, Erik
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p. 2064 - 2086
(2007/10/03)
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- New generation dopaminergic agents. 5. Heterocyclic bioisosteres that exploit the 3-OH-N1-phneylpiperazine dopaminergic template
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The synthesis of several bioisoteric analogs based on the 3-OH-N1- phenylpiperazine dopamine D2 agonist template (i.e., 4) is described. The indolone (5) and 2-CF3-benzimidazole (13) were observed to have excellent affinity for the D2 receptor. Several D4 selective compounds were also identified. Molecular modeling studies and a putative bioactive conformation are discussed.
- Mewshaw, Richard E.,Verwijs, Antoine,Shi, Xiaojie,McGaughey, Georgia B.,Nelson, James A.,Mazandarani, Hossein,Brennan, Julie A.,Marquis, Karen L.,Coupet, Joseph,Andree, Terrance H.
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p. 2675 - 2680
(2007/10/03)
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- Angiotensin II antagonists
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This invention provides novel heterocyclic derivatives, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use for antagonizing angiotensin II receptors in mammals.
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- Angiotensin II antagonist intermediates
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This invention provides novel heterocyclic derivatives, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use for antagonizing angiotensin II receptors in mammals.
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- Benzimidazole compounds
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The present patent application discloses compounds having the formula STR1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R 3, R 4, R 6 and R 7 each have the meanings set forth in the specification.The compounds are useful for the treatment of various central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy and other convulsive disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders and memory disorders.
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- Synthesis of new 4-(substituted benzylamino)benzimidazole derivatives
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Schiff bases obtained by condensation of 4-aminobenzimidazole with substituted benzaldehydes in methanol have been reduced by catalytic hydrogenation yielding 4-(substituted benzylamino) benzimidazoles (1-9).
- Dincer, Sebla,Tuezuea, Celal
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p. 982 - 984
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzimidazole useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders
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Compounds having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R3 is are useful for the treatment of various central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy and other convulsive disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders and memory disorders.
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- 5-Trifluoromethyl-7-aminobenzimidazoles herbicides
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Benzimidazoles having 5-trifluoromethyl and 7-amino substituents are useful as herbicides. The 1-and 2-positions of the molecule also have at least one substituent; and, preferably both positions are substituted, such as with alkyl groups.
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