- PROCESS FOR MAKING FORMIC ACID UTILIZING LOWER-BOILING FORMATE ESTERS
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Disclosed is a process for recovering formic acid from a formate ester of a C3 to C4 alcohol. Disclosed is also a process for producing formic acid by carbonylating a C3 to C4 alcohol, hydrolyzing the formate ester of the alcohol, and recovering a formic acid product. The alcohol may be dried and returned to the reactor. The process enables a more energy efficient production of formic acid than the carbonylation of methanol to produce methyl formate.
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Paragraph 00177; 00178
(2019/02/15)
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- Influence of Boiling on the Radiolysis of Diglyme
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The radiolysis of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) in a boiling state has been studied for the first time. Boiling facilitates the cleavage of internal C–O bonds, weakens the cage effect and diglyme regeneration processes, and facilitates the exchange and dimerization reactions of radicals. As compared with radiolysis at room temperature, the amount of unsaturated products of diglyme fragmentation formed during irradiation in the boiling state is smaller by a factor of 4, and the disproportionation products of heavy radicals are found in negligible amounts, if any. The yield of radiolytic decomposition of diglyme under boiling conditions is ~15 molecule/100 eV, which is higher than that at room temperature by a factor of almost 1.5.
- Vlasov,Kholodkova,Ponomarev
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p. 312 - 318
(2018/08/01)
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- Lewis Base Catalyzed Selective Chlorination of Monosilanes
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A preparatively facile, highly selective synthesis of bifunctional monosilanes R2SiHCl, RSiHCl2 and RSiH2Cl is reported. By chlorination of R2SiH2 and RSiH3 with concentrated HCl/ether solutions, the stepwise introduction of Si?Cl bonds is readily controlled by temperature and reaction time for a broad range of substrates. In a combined experimental and computational study, we establish a new mode of Si?H bond activation assisted by Lewis bases such as ethers, amines, phosphines, and chloride ions. Elucidation of the underlying reaction mechanisms shows that alcohol assistance through hydrogen-bond networks is equally efficient and selective. Remarkably, formation of alkoxysilanes or siloxanes is not observed under moderate reaction conditions.
- Sturm, Alexander G.,Schweizer, Julia I.,Meyer, Lioba,Santowski, Tobias,Auner, Norbert,Holthausen, Max C.
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supporting information
p. 17796 - 17801
(2018/11/23)
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- STABILIZER COMPOUND, LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, AND DISPLAY ELEMENT
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The present invention provides a compound represented by General Formula (I). The compound according to the present invention prevents the liquid crystal composition from being deteriorated due to light, has high compatibility with the liquid crystal composition, and does not impair the storage stability of the liquid crystal composition, thus the compound is useful as a constituent member of a liquid crystal composition. Since the liquid crystal composition and the liquid crystal display element containing the compound of the present invention exhibit UV resistance and have a high VHR, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element with excellent display quality in which display defects such as burn-in and display unevenness do not occur or are suppressed.
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Paragraph 0094; 0095
(2018/08/30)
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- Compounds and methods of arylmethylation (benzylation) as protection for alcohol groups during chemical synthesis
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A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.
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Page/Page column 4-5; 10
(2010/07/14)
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- METHOD OF PRODUCING GLYCOL ETHERS
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The present invention provides a method of producing glycol ethers, which are also commonly known as glymes. The method according to the invention includes contacting a glycol with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst under conditions effective to produce the glyme. The method of the invention can be used to produce, for example, monoglyme, ethyl glyme, diglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, and their respective corresponding monoalkyl ethers. The present invention also provides a method of producing 1,4-dioxane from mono- or diethylene glycol and tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol.
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- SmI2/water/amine mediates cleavage of allyl ether protected alcohols: application in carbohydrate synthesis and mechanistic considerations.
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[reaction: see text]. SmI2/H2O/amine provides selective cleavage of unsubstituted allyl ethers in good to excellent yields. This method is therefore useful in deprotection of alcohols and carbohydrates.
- Dahlen, Anders,Sundgren, Andreas,Lahmann, Martina,Oscarson, Stefan,Hilmersson, Goeran
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p. 4085 - 4088
(2007/10/03)
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- Tricyclic triazolobenzazepine derivatives, process for producing the same, and antiallergic
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Tricyclic triazolobenzazepine derivatives in the form or a prodrug are provided. The compounds according to the present invention are those represented by formula (I) and pharmacologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof. The compounds are useful as antiallergic agents and exhibit excellent bioavailability. wherein R1 represents hydrogen, OH, alkyl or phenyl alkyl,R2, R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen, halogen, optionally protected hydroxyl, formyl, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or the like, andQ represents a group selected from the following groups (i) to (iv), halogen, or alkoxy:
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- Catalysts for alkoxylation reactions
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Catalysts producing a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials comprise mixtures of BF3 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, SiF4 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, or mixtures of these catalysts.
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- Methods of alkoxylation
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Catalysts comprising mixtures of HF and metal alkoxides and mixed metal alkoxides produce a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials.
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- Catalysts for alkoxylation reactions
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Catalysts and a method of using said catalysts for the alkoxylation of a variety of materials is disclosed. Catalysts so described produce alkoxylates having a very sharp alkoxylate distribution. The catalysts are supported and unsupported dialkoxy and dialkyl metal fluorides and halides and alkyl metal difluorides and dihalides.
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- OO-tert-BUTYL ALKOXY- AND ARYLOXYALKOXYALKYL MONOPEROXYCARBONATES AND THEIR REACTIVITY
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A series of monopercarbonates were obtained from tert-butyl hydroperoxide and the chloroformates of diethylene (propylene) monoethers.The kinetics of their thermal dissociation at 110-140 deg C in organic solvents were investigated.The products from the homolysis of the peroxy esters were investigated, and it was established that the free radicals which form react preferentially with the hydrogen of the C-H bond in the organic fragment of the initial monoperoxy carbonate or its decomposition products.A scheme for the transformations of the obtained free-radicalparticles is proposed on the basis of the kinetic investigations and the balance of the thermolysis products.
- Fomin, V. A.,Etlis, V. S.,Aleksandrova, Z. I.,Ivanova, N. N.
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p. 251 - 257
(2007/10/02)
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- SULFATION OF ALCOHOLS OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES WITH CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID.
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The authors report the results of a study of the applicability of these relationships to the whole series of aliphatic alcohols including industrial products. The concentration equilibrium constants of the reactions of these alcohols with 99. 5 mass % sulfuric acid are determined at 32. 5 degree , and it is shown that all the higher alcohols can be characterized by the same equilibrium constant, 3. 1 plus or minus 0. 5, which can therefore be recommended for practical calculations. The equilibrium constants were calculated from the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions. It is shown that they depend on the relative basicities of sulfuric acid and monoalkyl sulfates.
- Savelyanov,Yakushin
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p. 1527 - 1531
(2007/10/02)
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- SYNTHESIS OF BISPEROXYDICARBONATES AND THEIR REACTIVITY
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A series of symmetrical peroxydicarbonates were obtained from the chloroformates of diethylene or dipropylene glycol monoethers.Their homolysis in benzene and in the presence of styrene and α-naphthol was investigated.The effect of the structure of the organic fragment of the peroxide on the effective, induced, and monomolecular dissociation constants is discussed.A scheme is proposed for the transformation of the free radicals which form on the basis of kinetic data and analysis of the final thermal dissociation products.
- Fomin, V. A.,Etlis, V. S.,Nozrina, F. D.
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- 5-Aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxylate-safening agents
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The invention relates to the safening of crop plants to the use of herbicides using a 5-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxylate or composition containing such compounds to reduce the herbicidal injury to treated crop plants. The invention is also concerned with novel compositions which comprise an acetanilide herbicide and a 5-aryl-4-isoxazolecarboxylate.
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