- Preparation of polyfunctional nitriles by the cyanation of functionalized organozinc halides with p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide
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Various alkyl, alkenyl, akynyl, benzylic, aromatic or heterocyclic organozinc halides bearing functional groups such as an ester, a boronic ester, a cyanide, a halide or a trialkoxysilyl group react under mild conditions with p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide affording polyfunctional nitriles in 69-93% yields.
- Klement, Ingo,Lennick, Klaus,Tucker, Charles E.,Knochel, Paul
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Read Online
- Dibenzosuberones as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors with low ATP competitiveness and outstanding whole blood activity
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p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is a main target in drug research concerning inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, no inhibitor of p38α MAP kinase has been introduced to the market. This might be attributed to the fact that there is no inhibitor which combines outstanding activity in biological systems and selectivity. Herein an approach to the development of such inhibitors on the basis of the highly selective molecular probe Skepinone-L is described. Introduction of a "deep pocket" moiety addressing the DFG motif led to an increased activity of the compounds. Hydrophilic moieties, addressing the solvent-exposed area adjacent to hydrophilic region II, conserved a high activity of the compounds in a whole blood assay. Combined with their outstanding selectivity and low ATP competitiveness, these inhibitors are very interesting candidates for use in biological systems and in therapy.
- Fischer, Stefan,Wentsch, Heike K.,Mayer-Wrangowski, Svenja C.,Zimmermann, Markus,Bauer, Silke M.,Storch, Kirsten,Niess, Raimund,Koeberle, Solveigh C.,Grütter, Christian,Boeckler, Frank M.,Rauh, Daniel,Laufer, Stefan A.
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supporting information
p. 241 - 253
(2013/03/13)
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- A novel and convenient synthesis of benzonitriles: Electrophilic cyanation of aryl and heteroaryl bromides
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N-Cyano-N-phenyl-p-methylbenzenesulfonamide has been used as a more benign electrophilic cyanation reagent for the synthesis of various benzonitriles from (hetero)aryl bromides via formation of Grignard reagents. Electronically different and sterically demanding aryl bromides including functionalized substrates and heteroaryl bromides are successfully cyanated in good to excellent yields. The efficiency of the present methodology is shown by the expeditious syntheses of interesting pharmaceutical intermediates. Notably, chemoselective monocyanation of dibromoarenes is also achieved. Copyright
- Anbarasan, Pazhamalai,Neumann, Helfried,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4217 - 4222
(2011/05/06)
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- Synthesis and SAR of novel CXCR4 antagonists that are potent inhibitors of T tropic (X4) HIV-1 replication
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An early lead from the AMD070 program was optimized and a structure-activity relationship was developed for a novel series of heterocyclic containing compounds. Potent CXCR4 antagonists were identified based on anti-HIV-1 activity and Ca2+ flux
- Skerlj, Renato,Bridger, Gary,McEachern, Ernie,Harwig, Curtis,Smith, Chris,Wilson, Trevor,Veale, Duane,Yee, Helen,Crawford, Jason,Skupinska, Krystyna,Wauthy, Rossana,Yang, Wen,Zhu, Yongbao,Bogucki, David,Di Fluri, Maria,Langille, Jonathon,Huskens, Dana,De Clercq, Erik,Schols, Dominique
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scheme or table
p. 262 - 266
(2011/02/27)
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- DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-IV INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates generally to pyrrolidine and thiazolidine DPP-IV inhibitor compounds. The present invention also provides synthetic methods for preparation of such compounds, methods of inhibiting DPP-IV using such compounds and pharmaceutical formulations containing them for treatment of DPP-IV mediated diseases, in particular, Type-2 diabetes.
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Page/Page column 87-88
(2008/06/13)
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- Photochemical Reaction of Arenecarbonitriles in the Presence of Alkylsilanes, Silyl Ethers and Silyl Amines
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The irradiation of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile, and benzene-1,2,4- as well as benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonitrile in the presence of various tetraalkylsilanes, alkoxytrialkylsilanes, hexamethyldisiloxane or heptamethyldisilazane leads to alkylation of the aromatics.The more substituted alkyl group is selectively fragmented, and the attack takes place at the position(s) of highest spin density in the nitrile radical anion.The reaction involves electron transfer to the nitrile's singlet excited state, and the radical cation appears to cleave mainly in the initial radical ion pair.
- Mella, Mariella,d'Alessandro, Nicola,Freccero, Mauro,Albini, Angelo
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p. 515 - 519
(2007/10/02)
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- Photochemical Reactions of Aromatic Compounds. Part 44. Mechanisms for Direct Photoamination of Arenes with Ammonia and Amines in the Presence of m-Dicyanobenzene
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Mechanistic details of the efficient photoamination of arenes (ArH) with ammonia or aliphatic primary amines (RNH2) in the presence of m-dicyanobenzene (DCNB) in 9:1 acetonitrile-water have been analysed by kinetics.The initiation of the photoamination is electron transfer from excited singlet ArH to DCNB to generate the cation radical of ArH (ArH(1+*)), to which RNH2 undergoes nucleophilic addition.The rate constant (kN) for the nucleophilic addition to the phenanthrene cation radical depends on R, varying from 3E7 dm3 mol-1 s-1 for NH3 to 8.9E8 dm3 mol-1 s-1 for ButNH2.A plot of log kN versus the Taft ?* parameter is linear with a slope of -2.1, demonstrating a substantial positive charge on RNH2 in the transition state in line with the proposed mechanism.Photoamination withMe2NH is very inefficient for naphthalene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, and phenanthrene, and is attributed to electron exchange between ArH(1+*) and Me2NH being competitive with nucleophilic addition.Anthracene is efficiently photoaminated with Me2NH but inefficiently with Et2NH.Efficient photoamination requires that the observed oxidation potential of the amines is more positive by 0.3-0.4 eV than that of ArH.
- Yasuda, Masahida,Matsuzaki, Yoriaki,Shima, Kensuke,Pac, Chyongjin
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p. 745 - 752
(2007/10/02)
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- Direct Photoamination of Arenes with Ammonia and Primary Amines in the Presence of Electron Acceptors
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Direct photoamination of phenanthrene, 9-methoxyphenanthrene, anthracene, naphthalene, and several substituted naphthalenes with ammonia or primary amines in the presence of m-dicyanobenzene occurs to give aminated dihydroarenes in fairly good yields. m-Dimethoxybenzene and biphenyl are photoaminated in lower yields.A suggested mechanism for the photoamination involves the nucleophilic attack of ammonia and amines on aromatic cation radicals generated by photochemical electron transfer to m-dicyanobenzene.The present photoamination is applied to direct introduction of various functionalized primary amines containing the vinyl, cyano, hydroxy, acetylamino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups.
- Yasuda, Masahide,Yamashita, Toshiaki,Shima, Kensuke,Pac, Chyongjin
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p. 753 - 759
(2007/10/02)
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