- Gold N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts for the Hydrofluorination of Alkynes Using Hydrofluoric Acid: Reaction Scope, Mechanistic Studies and the Tracking of Elusive Intermediates
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An efficient and chemoselective methodology deploying gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as catalysts in the hydrofluorination of terminal alkynes using aqueous HF has been developed. Mechanistic studies shed light on an in situ generated catalyst, formed by the reaction of Br?nsted basic gold pre-catalysts with HF in water, which exhibits the highest reactivity and chemoselectivity. The catalytic system has a wide alkyl substituted-substrate scope, and stoichiometric as well as catalytic reactions with tailor-designed gold pre-catalysts enable the identification of various gold species involved along the catalytic cycle. Computational studies aid in understanding the chemoselectivity observed through examination of key mechanistic steps for phosphine- and NHC-coordinated gold species bearing the triflate counterion and the elusive key complex bearing a bifluoride counterion.
- Bédard, Sandrine,Cavallo, Luigi,Falivene, Laura,Gauthier, Rapha?l,Nolan, Steven P.,Paquin, Jean-Fran?ois,Saab, Marina,Tzouras, Nikolaos V.,Van Hecke, Kristof,Zhang, Ziyun
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supporting information
(2021/12/09)
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- Selective Debromination of α,α,α-Tribromomethylketones with HBr–H2O Reductive Catalytic System
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A debromination of α,α,α-tribromomethylketones is developed for chemoselective synthesis of α-mono- and α,α-dibromomethylketones with high selectivity under H2O–HBr reductive conditions. This method offers an efficient and direct way to synthesize α-mono or α,α-dibromomethylketone compounds in high to excellent yields through the process of HBr self-circulation in water.
- Cheng, Zhao,Guo, Hongmei,Huang, Guozheng,Rexit, Abulikemu Abudu,Wang, Hui,Zheng, Meng-Xia
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p. 6455 - 6458
(2020/10/21)
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- Facile Approach to Geminal HeterodihalogenationOne-Pot Synthesis of α-Bromo-α-Chloro Ketones
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An efficient and practical protocol for the geminal heterodihalogenation of methyl ketones by using readily available dimethyl sulfoxide and a combination of HCl and HBr is reported. Control experiments suggested that the acidity of the solution, as well as the oxidizing ability and nucleophilicity of the dimethyl sulfoxide might work cooperatively in ensuring the success of the tandem substitution. Its operational simplicity, easy accessibility, and mild oxidative conditions suggest that the present strategy might be useful for the assembly of bromochloromethyl functional groups in drug discovery.
- Bian, Ming,Tang, Dong-Min,Zhou, Jin-Feng
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supporting information
(2020/09/09)
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- A radical exchange process: Synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives of xanthates
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Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) replacement as a bioisostere in drug molecules has an influence on their permeability, aqueous solubility and in vitro metabolic stability. Thus, the chemical installation of the BCP unit into a chemical entity remains a significant challenge from a synthetic point of view. Here, we have presented a new approach for the installation of the BCP unit on the xanthate moiety by means of a radical exchange process.
- Rout, Saroj Kumar,Marghem, Gilles,Lan, Junjie,Leyssens, Tom,Riant, Olivier
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supporting information
p. 14976 - 14979
(2019/12/24)
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- 3-Phenylalkyl-2H-chromenes and -chromans as novel rhinovirus infection inhibitors
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Following our studies on structure-activity relationships of anti-rhinovirus chromene and chroman derivatives, we designed and synthesized new series of 3-phenylalkyl-2H-chromenes and -chromans bearing differently sized, aliphatic linker chains between the two cycles. The cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity of the new compounds on human rhinovirus (HRV) serotype 1B and 14 infection were evaluated in HeLa cell cultures. Most of the tested compounds interfered with HRV1B multiplication in the micromolar or submicromolar concentrations while HRV14 was less susceptible. 3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propyl]chroman (9c) was selected for preliminary mechanism of action studies due to its potent activity against both serotypes (IC50 of 0.48?μM and 1.36?μM towards HRV1B and 14, respectively) coupled with high selectivity (SI?=?206.18 and 73.26, respectively). Results of time of addition/removal studies suggest that 9c, similarly to related derivatives, behaves as a capsid binder interfering with some early events of the HRV1B infectious cycle.
- Conti, Cinzia,Proietti Monaco, Luca,Desideri, Nicoletta
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p. 2074 - 2083
(2017/03/23)
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- Novel method for preparing Prostaglandin derivatives
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Provided is a novel method for preparing prostaglandin derivatives. The method is suitable for mass production by effectively manufacturing prostaglandin derivatives with high yield. The method comprises the following steps: (S-1) adding a first reducing agent to a prostaglandin intermediate compound represented by chemical formula II and manufacturing a compound represented by chemical formula III; (S-2) manufacturing a compound represented by chemical formula IV from the compound represented by chemical formula III in the presence of a base; (S-3) adding a second reducing agent to the compound represented by chemical formula IV and manufacturing a compound represented by chemical formula V; and (S-4) performing Wittig reaction of the compound represented by chemical formula V and a compound represented by chemical formula VI, and manufacturing a compound represented by chemical formula I.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017
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Paragraph 0093; 0094-0097
(2017/10/31)
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- A new synthetic approach to prostaglandin analogues: Synthesis of bimatoprost via lipase enzymatic catalysis
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A simple, convenient and efficient synthetic approach for the synthesis of (15S) bimatoprost (4) via lipase enzyme mediated stereo selective reduction from chiral precursor Corey lactone diol as substrate was described. Swern oxidation, lipase enzymatic reduction and Wittig reaction conditions are used as key steps for the synthesis of bimatoprost. This method was found to be an efficient with considerable yield, cost effective and minimized the synthetic steps compared to reported procedures.
- Kamidi, Vijendhar,Kale, Pooja,Boodida, Sathyanarayana
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p. 2767 - 2770
(2017/11/10)
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- Highly Efficient Synthesis of α-Halomethylketones via Ce(SO4)2/Acid Co-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes
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A general atom-economical approach for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones is demonstrated through Ce(SO4)2/acid co-catalyzed hydration of a wide range of haloalkynes. The reactions are conducted under convenient conditions and provide products with excellent regioselectivity in good to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope. This protocol is an alternative to conventional α-halogenation of ketones.
- Zou, Huaxu,Jiang, Jun,Yi, Niannian,Fu, Wenqiang,Deng, Wei,Xiang, Jiannan
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supporting information
p. 1251 - 1254
(2016/12/27)
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- In(OTf)3/acid co-catalyzed hydration of 1-haloalkynes to α-halomethyl ketones
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A novel and efficient In(OTf)3and HOAc cooperatively catalyzed hydration of 1-haloalkynes is described. This method provides ready access to α-chloromethyl ketones, α-bromomethyl ketones and α-iodomethyl ketones in moderate to high yields from simple, inexpensive starting materials. A broad substrate scope is achieved, and the reaction is compatible with various functional groups, including alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, halide, hydroxyl, cyclohexyl, and heterocyclic groups.
- Zeng, Ming,Huang, Rui-Xue,Li, Wen-Yi,Liu, Xiao-Wen,He, Fu-Ling,Zhang, Yi-Yuan,Xiao, Fang
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p. 3818 - 3822
(2016/07/06)
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- First Catalyzed Hydration of Haloalkynes by a Recyclable Catalytic System
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The hydration of haloalkynes to give α-halomethyl ketones was achieved based on a combination of a Cu(OAc)2 catalyst and a TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) promoter. This is the first synthesis of chloro/bromo/iodo methyl ketones through a hydration reaction catalyzed by a recyclable catalytic system. The catalytic system has a wide substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity, and the procedure can also be scaled up.
- Zou, Huaxu,He, Weibao,Dong, Qizhi,Wang, Ruijia,Yi, Niannian,Jiang, Jun,Pen, Dongming,He, Weimin
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p. 116 - 121
(2016/01/26)
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- NOVEL COMPOUND, ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTER 3 DETECTION AGENT, AND ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTER 3 ACTIVITY INHIBITOR
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[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel compound. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing an OCT3 detection agent or an OCT3 activity inhibitor, which comprises the novel compound. [Solution] A compound represented by formula (A), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof. ????????R1-R2-R3-R4?????(A)
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Paragraph 0585-0587
(2016/08/17)
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- A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of (15R)-Latanoprost from Chiral Precursor Corey Lactone Diol
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An efficient asymmetric synthetic route for the synthesis of anti-glaucoma agent, (15R)-latanoprost using Corey lactone diol as chiral substrate under Swern oxidation, allylic reduction and Wittig reaction conditions has been developed. In this method, reduction of keto and alkene functional groups has been achieved in a single step using low cost catalyst NiCl2/NaBH4 in methanol. This new synthetic protocol is a good alternative for the synthesis of latanoprost with high stereo selectivity and improved yield. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Vijendhar,Srinivas,Boodida, Sathyanarayana
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p. 2023 - 2028
(2015/12/30)
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- Gold-catalyzed hydration of haloalkynes to α-halomethyl ketones
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A general atom-economical approach for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones is demonstrated through hydration of a wide range of haloalkynes. Other outstanding features include excellent yields from both alkyl- and aryl-substituted haloalkynes and wide functional group tolerance. This protocol is an alternative to conventional α-halogenation of ketones.
- Xie, Longyong,Wu, Yundong,Yi, Weiguo,Zhu, Lei,Xiang, Jiannan,He, Weimin
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p. 9190 - 9195
(2013/10/08)
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- Novel 1H-imidazol-2-amine derivatives as potent and orally active vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitors for diabetic macular edema treatment
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Novel thiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitors. Although we previously identified a compound (2) with potent VAP-1 inhibitory activity in rats, the human activity was relatively weak. Here, to improve the human VAP-1 inhibitory activity of compound 2, we first evaluated the structure-activity relationships of guanidine bioisosteres as simple small molecules and identified a 1H-benzimidazol-2-amine (5) with potent activity compared to phenylguanidine (1). Based on the structure of compound 5, we synthesized a highly potent VAP-1 inhibitor (37b; human IC50 = 0.019 μM, rat IC50 = 0.0051 μM). Orally administered compound 37b also markedly inhibited ocular permeability in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after oral administration, suggesting it is a promising compound for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
- Inoue, Takayuki,Morita, Masataka,Tojo, Takashi,Nagashima, Akira,Moritomo, Ayako,Miyake, Hiroshi
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p. 3873 - 3881
(2013/07/19)
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- Oxidative bromination of ketones using ammonium bromide and oxone
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A highly efficient, environmentally safe and economic method for selective α-monobromination of aralkyl, cyclic, acyclic, 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters and α,α-dibromination of 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters without catalyst is reported using ammonium bromide as a bromine source and oxone as an oxidant. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature and yields range from moderate to excellent. Bromination of unsymmetrical ketones takes place at the less substituted α-position predominantly. Aromatisation of tetralones is also carried out with this reagent system.
- MacHarla, Arun Kumar,Chozhiyath Nappunni, Rohitha,Marri, Mahender Reddy,Peraka, Swamy,Nama, Narender
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 191 - 195
(2012/01/17)
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- Synthesis of (±)-bimatoprost
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A general synthetic approach has been developed for the synthesis of a key intermediate (6) that can be elaborated into several ophthalmic prostaglandins and their derivatives. Using these strategy, we have obtained (±)-bimatoprost (1) and its analog, (±)-homobimatoprost (5). Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Harikrishna,Mohan, H. Rama,Dubey,Shankar,Subbaraju, Gottumukkala V.
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experimental part
p. 1288 - 1305
(2012/04/10)
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- IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND ANALOGUES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of prostaglandin and prostaglandin analogues, particularly PGF2α derivatives.
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Page/Page column 12
(2010/11/03)
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- Heme oxygenase inhibition by 2-Oxy-substituted 1-Azolyl-4-phenylbutanes: Effect of variation of the azole moiety. X-ray crystal structure of human heme oxygenase-1 in complex with 4-phenyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone
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A series of 1-azolyl-4-phenyl-2-butanones was designed and synthesized for the inhibition of heme oxygenases (heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2). The replacement of imidazole by other azoles led to the discovery of novel 1H-1,2,4-triazole- and 1H-tetrazole-based inhibitors equipotent to a lead imidazole-based inhibitor. The inhibitors featuring 2H-tetrazole or 1H-1,2,3-triazole as the pharmacophore were less potent. Monosubstitution at position 2 or 4(5), or identical disubstitution at positions 4 and 5 of imidazole by a variety of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating, small or bulky groups, as well as the replacement of the traditional imidazole pharmacophore by an array of 3- or 5-substituted triazoles, identically 3,5-disubstituted triazoles, 5-substituted-1H- and 5-substituted-2H-tetrazoles proved to be detrimental to the inhibition of HO, with a few exceptions. The azole-dioxolanes and the azole-alcohols derived from the active azole-ketones were synthesized also, but these inhibitors were less active than the corresponding imidazole-based analogs. The first reported X-ray crystal structure of human heme oxygenase-1 in complex with a 1,2,4-triazole-based inhibitor, namely 4-phenyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone, was also determined. The inhibitor binds to the human heme oxygenase-1 distal pocket through the coordination of heme iron by the N-4 in the triazole moiety, whereas the phenyl group is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions from residues within the binding pocket.
- Roman, Gheorghe,Rahman, Mona N.,Vukomanovic, Dragic,Jia, Zongchao,Nakatsu, Kanji,Szarek, Walter A.
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body text
p. 68 - 90
(2010/11/03)
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- HEME-OXYGENASE INHIBITORS AND USE OF THE SAME IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER AND DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Disclosed are compounds of the general formula (1): compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, and methods useful for treating or preventing cancer and for inhibiting tumour tissue growth. These compounds attenuate the oxidative damage associated with increased heme-oxygenase activity and can reduce cell proliferation in transformed cells. In addition, the described compounds and compositions are useful as neuroprotectants and for treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases of the central nervous system.
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Page/Page column 35-36; 43
(2009/01/24)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents
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Direct and indirect involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in tumor growth and metastasis makes them ideal targets for anticancer therapy. A paradigm shift from inhibition of single RTK to inhibition of multiple RTKs has been recently demonstrated. We designed and synthesized eight N4-phenylsubstituted-6-(2-phenylethylsubstituted)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines as homologated series of our previously published RTK inhibitors. We reasoned that increased flexibility of the side chain, which determines potency and selectivity, would improve the spectrum of RTK inhibition. These compounds were synthesized using a bis-electrophilic cyclization to afford substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines followed by chlorination and substitution at the 4-position with various anilines. Five additional compounds of this series were previously reported by Gangjee et al.1 with activities against IGFR only. Their synthesis, characterization and biological activities against a variety of other RTKs are reported in this study for the first time. The biological evaluation, in whole cell assays, showed several analogs had remarkable inhibitory activity against epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), the growth of A431 cells in culture, and in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. The inhibitory data against the RTKs in this study demonstrate that variation of the 6-ethylaryl substituents as well as the N4-phenyl substituents of these analogs does indeed control both the potency and specificity of inhibitory activity against RTKs. In addition, homologation of the chain length of the 6-substituent from a methylene to an ethyl increases the spectrum of RTK inhibition. New multi-RTK inhibitors (8, 12) and potent inhibitors of angiogenesis (15, 19) were identified with the best compound, N4-(3-trifluromethylphenyl)-6-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (15), with an IC50 value of 30 nM in the CAM angiogenesis inhibition assay.
- Gangjee, Aleem,Namjoshi, Ojas A.,Yu, Jianming,Ihnat, Michael A.,Thorpe, Jessica E.,Warnke, Linda A.
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p. 5514 - 5528
(2008/12/20)
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- PYRROLE DERIVATIVES AS THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS
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Novel pyrrole derivatives are disclosed as Aβ42-lowering agents for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the formation or accumulation of amyloid plaques comprising the Aβ42 peptide.
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Page/Page column 41
(2010/11/26)
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- Heme oxygenase inhibition by 2-oxy-substituted 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-phenylbutanes: Effect of halogen substitution in the phenyl ring
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A series of 2-oxy-substituted 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-phenylbutanes comprising imidazole-ketones, imidazole-dioxolanes, and imidazole-alcohols substituted with halogens in the phenyl ring were synthesized and evaluated as novel inhibitors of heme oxygenase which are structurally distinct from metalloporphyrins. The entire library of compounds was found to be highly active, with the bromine- and iodine-substituted derivatives being the most potent. The imidazole-dioxolanes were all selective for the HO-1 isozyme (inducible) and exhibited substantially lower activity toward the HO-2 isozyme (constitutive). The corresponding imidazole-ketones and imidazole-alcohols showed selectivity toward HO-1 to a lesser degree than the similarly substituted imidazole-dioxolanes.
- Roman, Gheorghe,Riley, John G.,Vlahakis, Jason Z.,Kinobe, Robert T.,Brien, James F.,Nakatsu, Kanji,Szarek, Walter A.
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p. 3225 - 3234
(2008/02/07)
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- ARYLTHIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVES
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Substituted 5-aryl-2,4-thiazolidinediones are potent agonists of PPAR, and are therefore useful in the treatment, control or prevention of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia), atherosclerosis, obesity, vascular restenosis, and other PPAR alpha , delta and/or gamma mediated diseases, disorders and conditions.
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Page/Page column 59
(2010/11/25)
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- 2-Arylimino-2,3-dihydrothiazoles, and their use thereof as somatostatin receptor ligands
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The invention concerns novel 2-arylimino-2,3-dihydrothiazole derivatives of general formula (I), their preparation methods and their use as medicines, in particular for treating pathological conditions or diseases wherein one (or several) somatostatin receptors is/are involved. Said pathological conditions include in particular acromegaly, pituitary adenoma or endocrine gastroenteropanceatic tumors including the carcinoid syndrome, and gastrointestinal bleeding. In general formula (I), R1 represents in particular an alkyl, aralkyl, cyclohexyl radical optionally substituted by an amino radical or R1 represents a —C(R11)(R12)—CO—R10 radical wherein R11 represents H, R12 represents in particular H, carbocyclic or heterocyclic alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl and R10 represents in particular an aminoalkylamino radical; R2 represents a carcyclic or heterocyclic aryl radical optionally substituted; R3 represents in particular COR5 or a carbocyclic or heterocyclic alkyl, adamantyl, aryl radical optionally substituted, carbocyclic or heterocyclic aralkyl optionally substituted on the aryl group; and R5 represents a radical fixed by a nitrogen atom to the group CO.
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Page column 44
(2010/02/06)
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- Process for the preparation of latanoprost
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Disclosed is a novel process for the preparation of the anti-glaucoma drug Latanoprost, in good yield, in large amounts and with desired purity. Also disclosed are novel intermediates for the above process.
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- Arylthiazolidinedione and aryloxazolidinedione derivatives
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Substituted 5-aryl-2,4-thiazolidinediones or 5-aryl-2,4-oxazolidinediones that also carry a second substituent in the 5-position of the heterocyclic ring are potent agonists of PPAR, and are therefore useful in the treatment, control or prevention of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia), atherosclerosis, obesity, vascular restenosis, and other PPAR α, δ and/or γ mediated diseases, disorders and conditions.
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- Arylthiazolidinedione derivatives
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Substituted 5-aryl-2,4-thiazolidinediones are potent agonists of PPAR, and are therefore useful in the treatment, control or prevention of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia), atherosclerosis, obesity, vascular restenosis, and other PPAR α, δ and/or γ mediated diseases, disorders and conditions.
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- Bromomethyl Ketones and Enolates: Alternative Products from Ester Homologation Reactions
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Esters 1, in which R represents a primary alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, or aromatic substituent, were reacted with (dibromomethyl)lithium, followed by n-butyllithium.Bromomethyl ketone enolate anions 5 resulted, which were quenched with acid to afford bromomethyl ketones 4, generally in 70-85percent yields.Alternatively, enolate anions 5 could be quenched with acetic anhydride to afford bromo enol acetates 7 or treated with tert-butyllithium to produce α-keto dianions 8.
- Kowalski, Conrad J.,Haque, M. Serajul
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p. 5140 - 5142
(2007/10/02)
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