36
T. Odedairo et al. / Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 345 (2011) 21–36
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using the fourth-order-Runge-Kutta routine. Graphical compar-
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Scheme 2 is shown in Fig. 8.
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The following conclusions can be drawn from the alkyla-
tion of toluene with isopropanol and the catalytic cracking of
1,3,5-trisopropylbenzene over Y-zeolite and the ZSM-5/MCM-48
catalyst.
•
In the alkylation of toluene with isopropanol, Y-zeolite catalyst
and the ZSM-5/MCM-48 catalyst gave significant toluene conver-
sion, but the ZSM-5/MCM-48 catalyst gave much higher cymene
selectivity.
•
The acidity as well as the pore size of catalysts play a significant
role in the catalytic cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene.
•
In the catalytic cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, pre-
cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene was observed to be
occurring on the surface of the Y-zeolite catalyst.
•
The presence of mesopores in ZSM-5/MCM-48 catalyst led to a
higher 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene conversion compared with the
catalyst based on Y-zeolite.
•
The higher coke formation over Y-zeolite catalyst as compared
with ZSM-5/MCM-48 catalyst in both reactions can be attributed
to the difference in acidity between both catalysts.
•
Kinetic parameters for the alkylation of toluene with isopropanol
over both catalysts under study follow the order:
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Y-zeolite :
EY-2(primary
> EY-1(disproportionation).
alkylation)
ZSM-5/MCM-48 : EZ/M-2(primary
> EZ/M-3(secondary
.
alkylation)
alkylation)
•
The order of activation energies calculated based on time-on-
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Y-zeolite :
EC/ZY-1(primary
> EC/ZY-3(tertiary
cracking) cracking)
> EC/ZY-2(secondary
.
cracking)
ZSM-5/MCM-48 : EC/CM-3(tertiary
> EC/CM-4(disproportionation)
cracking)
> EC/CM-2(secondary
> EC/CM-1(primary
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cracking)
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We are grateful for the support from Ministry of Higher Educa-
tion, Saudi Arabia for the establishment of the Center of Research
Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals at King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Mr. Mari-
ano Gica is also acknowledged for his help during the experimental
work.
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