2
90
J Surfact Deterg (2013) 16:285–290
0
4
. Murguı a MC, Cristaldi MD, Porto A, Di Conza J, Grau RJ
2008) Synthesis, surface-active properties, and antimicrobial
Table 4 Foaming properties, LSDR and wetting ability of 1,1,1,1-tetra-
2-oxypropyl sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)neopentanes (20 °C)
(
(
activities of new neutral and cationic tetrameric surfactants.
J Surfact Deterg 11:41–48
Alkyl chain
Foam volume (mL)
LSDR
Wetting time (s)
5
6
. Magdassi S, Ben Moshe M, Talmon Y, Danino D (2003)
Microemulsions based on anionic Gemini surfactant. Colloids
Surf A 212:1–7
. Du X, Lu Y, Li L, Wang J, Yang Z (2007) Synthesis and unusual
properties of novel alkylbenzene sulfonate Gemini surfactants.
Colloids Surf A 290:132–137
. Zana R, Xia J (2004) Gemini surfactants, surfactant science
series. Marcel Dekker, New York
. Yoshimura T, Esumi K (2004) Synthesis and surface properties of
anionic Gemini surfactants with amide groups. J Colloid Interface
Sci 276:231–238
0
min
5 min
C
C
C
C
C
8
H
17
265
280
290
270
230
215
155
240
250
220
190
120
12.0
10.9
8.35
6.55
5.75
94.0
38.0
65.0
136
620
135
25.0
10
12
14
16
H
21
25
29
33
H
H
H
7
8
SDS
9
. Petrova M, Konstantinova TN (2005) On the synthesis of some
reactive triazine azo dyes containing tetramethylpiperidine frag-
ment. Dyes Pigm 67:63–69
ability, probably because of their high hydrophobicity due to
the long alkyl chain. Wetting property and LSDR are listed in
Table 4 with data for the reference compound SDS too.
Wetting times for these surfactants with a felt chip are over a
very wide range 38–620 s and are slower than the wetting
time for SDS under the same conditions. Wetting ability of
trimeric sulfonate surfactant containing C H is relatively
10. Menger FM, Migulin VA (1999) Synthesis and properties of
multiarmed Gemini. J Org Chem 64:8916–8921
1. Chen L, Hu Z, Zhu H, Xue Z (2008) Synthesis of cleavable aryl
sulfonate anionic surfactants and study on their surface activity.
J Surfact Deterg 11:97–102
12. Xue Z, Hu Z, Zhu H, Chen L (2008) Synthesis and surface
activity properties of cleavable s-triazine fatty sulfonate surfac-
tants. China Surfactant Deterg Cosmet 3:151–155
3. Zhu YP, Masuyama A, Okahara M (1990) Preparation and
properties of double or triple chain surfactants with two sulfonate
groups derived from N-acyldicthanolamines. J Am Oil Chem Soc
1
1
4 29
good. Lime-soap dispersing ability of tetrameric sulfonate
surfactants was much better than that of the general single-
chain sulfonate but slightly lower than the previously reported
double-chain surfactants bearing sulfonate groups. The ether
bonds may make a positive contribution to the lime soap
dispersing ability because this group is known to have a strong
affinity for calcium ions.
1
6
7:459–463
1
1
4. Zhou M, Zhao JZ, Liu JX, Yang Y (2011) Progress in the synthesis
of sulfonated Gemini surfactants. Chin J Appl Chem 8:855–863
5. Tan ZL, Han D (2006) Study on the synthesis of anion Gemini
surfactants and its surface/interfacial activity. Chem Bull (China)
1,1,1,1-Tetra-(2-oxypropyl sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)
7
:493–497
neopentanes in this work may be used in various applica-
tions as new types high-performance surfactants because
they can be prepared in good yields from commercially
available raw materials and they exhibit excellent surface-
active properties at low concentrations such as excellent
water-solubility, micelle forming property, lower surface
tension and lime-soap dispersing ability in comparison with
normal sulfonate surfactants SDS. It was found that the
foaming properties and wetting ability of these compounds
depended on the structure of the length of alkyl chains.
Author Biographies
Ming Zhou received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the Southwest
Petroleum University in Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, and
worked at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at
Southwest Petroleum University as a research chemist. He is an
associate professor at the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas
Reservoir Geology and Exploitation. His research field is the
synthesis and applications of surfactants and polymers.
Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (Projects No. 51074133 and
51074136) and Major Special Technological Programmes Concerning
China Petroleum (No.2008ZX05049-04-007HZ).
Xiang Zhong is a postgraduate from the Southwest Petroleum
University in China, and is studying at the School of Materials
Science and Engineering—his specialty is the research and applica-
tion of oil and gas materials.
Jinzhou Zhao received his master’s degree from the Southwest
Petroleum University in China. He is a professor at the State Key
Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation
References
1
2
3
. Zana R (2002) Dimeric (Gemini) surfactants: effect of spacer
group on the association behavior in aqueous solution. J Colloid
Interface Sci 248:203–220
. Li X, Hu ZY, Zhu HL, Zhao SF, Cao DL (2010) Synthesis and
properties of novel alkyl sulfonate gemini surfactants. J Surfact
Deterg 13:353–359
. Zhou M, Zhao JZ, Hu XQ (2012) Synthesis of bis[N,N-(alkyla-
mideethyl) ethyl] triethylenediamine bromide surfactants and
their oilfield application investigation. J Surfact Deterg 15:309–
(
Southwest Petroleum University) with a research field in reservoir
stimulation.
Xu Wang received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. from Sichuan
University, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan University,
respectively in Chengdu, People’s Republic of China. He is a
professor and works at the School of Materials Science and
Engineering at Southwest Petroleum University as a research chemist.
3
15
1
23