1314-41-6 Usage
Description
Lead oxide, a term encompassing a range of products formed by the oxidation of lead in both liquid and solid forms, is an oxide family that varies in color (grey/green, red, and yellow), degree of oxidation (PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2), and crystal structure (orthogonal and tetragonal forms of PbO). It can refer to either lead monoxide or litharge, lead tetroxide or red lead, or gray or black oxide, which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead. Black lead is specifically made for use in lead acid storage batteries, while lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Used in Paint Industry:
Lead oxide is used as a pigment in corrosion-protecting paints for steel surfaces, providing a protective priming coat for steel work and offering better water-resistant properties by replacing magnesium oxide.
Used in Battery Industry:
It is used in positive battery plates and is a major component in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries, making lead monoxide one of the most important compounds of lead based on volume.
Used in Glass and Ceramics Industry:
Lead oxide is used in colored glasses and ceramics, increasing the density and refractive index of glass, making it suitable for optical glass, electrical glass, and tableware. It also enhances the brilliance and ease of cutting of the glass.
Used in Electronics Industry:
Due to its electrical and electronic properties, litharge, a form of lead oxide, is used in various components such as capacitors, electrophotographic plates, and video tubes, as well as in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials.
Used in Construction Industry:
Lead oxide is used in glass sealants for television picture tubes, radiation shields for x-rays and gamma rays, and as a pigment for primer paints for iron objects.
Used in Chemical Industry:
It is used in propellants and explosives, adhesives for tire cords, foaming agents and waterproofing materials, and as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide in exhausts.
Used in Writing and Marking Materials:
Lead oxide is used in glass-writing pencils and as a thick, long-lasting anti-corrosive paint.
Used in Match Production:
Lead dioxide, a form of lead oxide, is used in the manufacture of matches.
Physical Properties:
Lead oxide is a bright-red crystalline substance or amorphous powder with a density of 9.1 g/cm3. It decomposes on heating to 500°C and melts at 830°C under pressure and oxygen. It is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in glacial acetic acid, hot hydrochloric acid, and a dilute nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture.
Chemical Properties:
Lead oxide can be red to orange in color and is known by various brand names such as Hiroval and Wndomethasone. Red lead (Pb3O4) is produced by oxidizing litharge in a reverberatory furnace and is the major lead pigment used principally in ferrous metal protective paints.
Preparation
Lead tetroxide is made by heating lead monoxide in the presence of air at temperatures between 450 to 500°C. The temperature should be maintained below 500°C, above which the tetroxide decomposes.
6PbO + O2→2Pb3O4
Alternatively, the tetroxide may be prepared by heating a mixture of lead monoxide and lead dioxide at 250°C:
2PbO + PbO2→Pb3O4
Reactions
When heated above 550°C, the tetroxide decomposes to monoxide, evolving oxygen:
6Pb3O4→6PbO + O2
Lead tetroxide reacts with dilute nitric acid forming lead nitrate and precipitating lead dioxide:
Pb3O4 + 4HNO3 → 2Pb(NO3)2 + PbO2 + 2H2O
The above reaction may be explained by assuming lead tetroxide as formally equivalent to plumbus plumbate having a structure Pb2II[PbIVO4] in which Pb2+ dissolves in dilute nitric acid forming lead(II) nitrate while Pb4+ precipitates out as lead(IV) oxide.
Lead tetroxide reacts with anhydrous acetic acid at 80°C producing lead(II) acetate and lead(IV) acetate. Alternatively, the tetroxide is added into a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride and heated gently:
Pb3O4 + 8CH3COOH → 2Pb(CH3COO)2 + Pb(CH3Coo)4 + 4H2O
On cooling, the tetraacetate crystallizes, leaving diacetate in the solution. Acetic anhydride is added to react with water produced in the reaction to form acetic acid and thus prevent hydrolysis.
Lead tetroxide can be reduced to metallic lead when heated with reducing agents, such as hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide:
Pb3O4 + 4H2→3Pb + 4H2O
Production Methods
Lead(IV) oxide, Pb2O, is obtained by action of chlorine on alkaline solutions of lead(II) oxide or acetate. The reaction is Pb(OH)3-+ ClO- → PbO2 + Cl- + OH- + H2O·PbO2 can also be produced on a lead or platinum anode by electrolysis in acidic solution.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Lead oxides and other lead salts were formerly available in
topical preparations which had soothing astringent properties. The toxicity of lead
salts by inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption is now conclusively
established and the medicinal use of preparations containing lead salts is no
longer permitted in many countries.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1314-41-6 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,3,1 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1314-41:
(6*1)+(5*3)+(4*1)+(3*4)+(2*4)+(1*1)=46
46 % 10 = 6
So 1314-41-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/4O.3Pb/rO4Pb3/c1-5-2-7-3-6(1)4-7
