20449-79-0 Usage
Description
Melittin is a 26-membered polypeptide consisting of various amino acid residues joined in sequence, and it is the principal active component of bee venom. It has a chemical structure of a peptide and possesses potent bactericidal and cytotoxic properties.
Uses
Used in Bactericidal Assays:
Melittin is used as a standard bacterium-killing agent to determine its bactericidal activity and study its role in allergic reactions.
Used in Cytotoxicity Assays:
Melittin is used in the 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine its cytotoxic effect on the growth of human cell lines.
Used in Antimicrobial Studies:
Melittin is used to study its anti-microbial activity on the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi in in vitro conditions.
Used in Hemolysis Assay:
Melittin serves as a positive control in hemolysis assays, which helps in assessing the membrane-disrupting properties of other agents.
Used in Cytotoxicity Studies on HeLa Cells:
Melittin is used as a cytotoxic agent against HeLa cells, a commonly used human cervical cancer cell line, to study its potential as an anti-cancer agent.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Melittin acts as an anti-coagulating protein by increasing the time of blood clotting in vitro. Melittin inhibits the activity of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and plays a vital role in Epilepsy treatment. Melittin retard cathepsin S-induced invasion, proliferation and angiogenesis via inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) /VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)/ mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MEK1)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in human MHCC97-H cells (liver cancer cells). Melittin has therapeutic application in various inflammatory diseases such as skin inflammation, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis, arthritis and liver inflammation. Accumulated melittin degrades phospholipid packing in the cell membrane and causes cell lysis and cell death.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 20449-79-0 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,0,4,4 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 20449-79:
(7*2)+(6*0)+(5*4)+(4*4)+(3*9)+(2*7)+(1*9)=100
100 % 10 = 0
So 20449-79-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C131H229N39O31/c1-23-71(16)102(163-97(176)60-135)122(194)146-62-98(177)148-74(19)109(181)164-100(69(12)13)124(196)160-88(55-65(4)5)116(188)155-84(41-30-33-51-134)115(187)165-101(70(14)15)125(197)161-90(57-67(8)9)118(190)168-106(77(22)173)128(200)169-105(76(21)172)123(195)147-63-99(178)150-92(58-68(10)11)129(201)170-54-36-44-94(170)121(193)149-75(20)108(180)158-89(56-66(6)7)117(189)166-104(73(18)25-3)127(199)162-93(64-171)120(192)159-91(59-78-61-145-80-38-27-26-37-79(78)80)119(191)167-103(72(17)24-2)126(198)157-83(40-29-32-50-133)111(183)154-85(42-34-52-143-130(139)140)112(184)152-82(39-28-31-49-132)110(182)153-86(43-35-53-144-131(141)142)113(185)156-87(46-48-96(137)175)114(186)151-81(107(138)179)45-47-95(136)174/h26-27,37-38,61,65-77,81-94,100-106,145,171-173H,23-25,28-36,39-60,62-64,132-135H2,1-22H3,(H2,136,174)(H2,137,175)(H2,138,179)(H,146,194)(H,147,195)(H,148,177)(H,149,193)(H,150,178)(H,151,186)(H,152,184)(H,153,182)(H,154,183)(H,155,188)(H,156,185)(H,157,198)(H,158,180)(H,159,192)(H,160,196)(H,
20449-79-0Relevant articles and documents
Impact of chain length on antibacterial activity and hemocompatibility of quaternary N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl chitosan derivatives
Sahariah, Priyanka,Benediktssdóttir, Berglind E.,Hjálmarsdóttir, Martha á.,Sigurjonsson, Olafur E.,S?rensen, Kasper K.,Thygesen, Mikkel B.,Jensen, Knud J.,Másson, Már
, p. 1449 - 1460 (2015)
A highly efficient method for chemical modification of chitosan biopolymers by reductive amination to yield N,N-dialkyl chitosan derivatives was developed. The use of 3,6-O-di-tert-butyldimethylsilylchitosan as a precursor enabled the first 100% disubstitution of the amino groups with long alkyl chains. The corresponding mono N-alkyl derivatives were also synthesized, and all the alkyl compounds were then quaternized using an optimized procedure. These well-defined derivatives were studied for antibacterial activity against Gram positive S. aureus, E. faecalis, and Gram negative E. coli, P. aeruginosa, which could be correlated to the length of the alkyl chain, but the order was dependent on the bacterial strain. Toxicity against human red blood cells and human epithelial Caco-2 cells was found to be proportional to the length of the alkyl chain. The most active chitosan derivatives were found to be more selective for killing bacteria than the quaternary ammonium disinfectants cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, as well as the antimicrobial peptides melittin and LL-37.
