222608-06-2

Basic information

• Product Name: DENATONIUM HYDROXIDE
• Synonyms: DENATONIUM HYDROXIDE
• CAS NO: 222608-06-2
• Molecular Formula: C21H29 N2 O . H O
• Molecular Weight: 0
• Mol File: 222608-06-2.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• CAS DataBase Reference: DENATONIUM HYDROXIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: DENATONIUM HYDROXIDE(222608-06-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: DENATONIUM HYDROXIDE(222608-06-2)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 222608-06-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Denatonium Hydroxide, also known as Bitrex, is a highly bitter-tasting compound that is used as a deterrent in various products to prevent accidental ingestion. It is a powerful denaturant and has a strong astringent taste. Its chemical properties make it a useful additive in a range of applications.

Uses

Used in Household Products:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a deterrent in household products for preventing accidental ingestion. It is added to substances that are not intended for consumption, such as cleaning products, to make them unpalatable and discourage ingestion.
Used in Personal Care Products:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a deterrent in personal care products, such as antiperspirants and deodorants, to prevent ingestion and potential harm.
Used in Industrial Applications:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a denaturant in industrial applications, such as in the production of certain chemicals and solvents, to make them unfit for consumption and discourage accidental ingestion.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a deterrent in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is added to certain medications to prevent accidental ingestion by children or pets.
Used in Food and Beverage Industry:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a flavor enhancer in the food and beverage industry to provide an enhanced bitter and/or spicy, pungent flavor, particularly in products that require a bitter taste for their overall flavor profile.
Used in Denatonium Capsaicinates:
Denatonium Hydroxide is used as a key component in the preparation of Denatonium Capsaicinates, which are used to enhance the bitter and/or spicy, pungent flavor in various products.

Upstream product

• 100-44-7 benzyl chloride 
• 137-58-6 2-diethylamino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-acetamide 
• 1674-99-3 denatonium chloride 

Relevant articles and documents

Oral Pharmaceutical Immediate Release Composition

There is disclosed an oral pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of multiple diseases comprising a denatonium cation salt and a sour anion selected from the group consisting of acetate (DA), citrate (DC) tartrate (CT), maleate (DM) and combinations thereof (collectively “denatonium salt”) and pharmaceutical excipients for gastric release of the denatonium salt. There is further disclosed an oral immediate release pharmaceutical composition to substantially release an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) in the gastric area of the GI tract formulation, wherein the API comprises an effective amount of the denatonium salt. Preferably, the oral immediate release pharmaceutical formulation comprises from about 0.5 g to about 5 g of the denatonium salt delivering a daily dose of the denatonium salt from about 20 mg to about 150 mg to a human adult.

PREPARATION OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND USE THEREOF FOR THE PREPARATION OF Q QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, in particular denatonium hydroxide, and the use thereof for the preparation of a quaternary ammo nium salt, in particular of denatonium benzoate or a denatonium fatty acid derivative. Due to its extremely bitter taste, this latter compound is applied in the art as an aversive agent, biocide, antifoulant and flavorant. It is usually prepared from a quaternary ammonium halide in an organic environment, which after isolation and purification is converted to a hygroscopic and unstable hydroxide intermediate, which in turn is immediately converted to the salt of interest in the solvent in which it is prepared. It is now found that these isolation steps can be avoided by performing the reaction at aqueous conditions. This is more straightforwardly and does not require costly precaut ions to avoid contact while handling. Moreover, the process of the invention allows to produce the quaternary ammonium salt from a lignocaine compound in a one-pot synthesis involving mostly water.