409314-87-0Relevant articles and documents
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Hall
, p. 5993,5994 (1955)
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A novel family of onium salts based upon isonitroso meldrum's acid proves useful as peptide coupling reagents
El-Faham, Ayman,Subiros-Funosas, Ramon,Albericio, Fernando
experimental part, p. 3641 - 3649 (2010/09/03)
A new family of uronium salts (HTMU, HMMU, and HDmPyMU) based on isonitroso Meldrum's acid (HONM) are reported as stand-alone coupling reagents. Amide bond formation with the use of these reagents occurred more quickly than that with other uronium salts as a result of the presence of a neighboring group effect with a cyclic structure. Thus, these novel onium salts were often more effective in the acylation of poor nucleophiles and in the control of optical purity than related Oxyma- and benzotriazole-based reagents. Among the HONM derivatives, HMMU showed the best performance in reducing racemization and assembling demanding sequences such as the Aib-ACP decapeptide or analogues of Leu-enkephalin pentapeptide, Furthermore, the scope and limitations of the use of HONM as an additive in combination with carbodiimides is discussed.
COMU: A safer and more effective replacement for benzotriazole-based uronium coupling reagents
El-Faham, Ayman,Funosas, Ramon Subiros,Prohens, Rafel,Albericio, Fernando
scheme or table, p. 9404 - 9416 (2010/04/03)
We describe a new family of uronium-type coupling reagents that differ in their iminium moieties and leaving groups. The presence of the morpholino group in conjunction with an oxime derivative-especially ethyl 2-cy ano-2- (hydroxyimino) acet ate (Oxyma)-had a marked influence on the solubilities, stabilities, and reactivities of the reagents. Finally, the new uronium salt derived from Oxyma (COMU) performed extremely well in the presence of only 1 equiv of base, thereby confirming the effect of the hydrogen bond acceptor in the reaction. COMU also showed a less hazardous safety profile than the benzotriazolebased HDMA and HDMB, which exhibited unpredictable autocatalytic decompositions. Furthermore, the Oxyma moiety contained in COMU suggests a lower risk of explosion than in the case of the benzotriazole derivatives.