563-12-2 Usage
Description
ETHION, also known as an organic thiophosphate, is an odorless amber liquid that is very sparingly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It undergoes decomposition on heating or burning, producing toxic and corrosive fumes, including phosphorus oxides and sulfur oxides. ETHION is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), making it effective for controlling various pests.
Uses
Used in Agricultural Industry:
ETHION is used as an insecticide and acaricide for controlling pests such as aphids, mites, scales, thrips, leafhoppers, maggots, and foliar-feeding larvae. It is applied to a wide variety of food, fiber, and ornamental crops, including greenhouse crops, lawns, and turf. ETHION is particularly effective when mixed with oil and sprayed on dormant trees to kill eggs and scales.
Used in Citrus and Apple Industries:
ETHION is used as a preharvest topical insecticide, primarily for spraying on citrus fruits and deciduous fruits like apples. It helps in controlling mites and sucking insects, larval Lepidoptera, and soil pests, ensuring a healthy crop yield.
Used in Livestock Industry:
ETHION serves as an ectoparasiticide to control cattle ticks and is used as a treatment for buffalo flies. It is also used as a cattle dip for ticks, protecting livestock from these harmful parasites.
Used in Household Pest Control:
ETHION is used for the control of household insects, such as house flies, providing a solution for maintaining a clean and healthy living environment.
ETHION is available in various formulations, including dust, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsifiable solution, granular, and wettable powder, making it versatile for different application methods and industries. However, it is important to note that ETHION is not approved for use in EU countries and not registered for use in the U.S. Occupational workers and the general public may be exposed to ETHION through industries that manufacture it and by consuming raw fruits or vegetables treated with ETHION. There are no residential uses for ETHION.
Reactivity Profile
Organothiophosphates, such as ETHION, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Hazard
Cholinesterase inhibitor, use may be
restricted. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
ETHION is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, which is between one teaspoonful and one ounce for a 150-lb person.
Health Hazard
Ethion is highly to moderately toxic to animals and humans by the oral route. It causes toxicity
and poisoning with symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation,
severe depression, irritability, confusion, headache, blurred vision, fatigue, tightness in
chest, abnormal heart beat and breathing. On repeated exposures and in high concentrations,
ethion causes severe symptoms of poisoning. The symptoms of toxicity and poisoning
include, but are not limited to, pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, impaired memory
and concentration, disorientation, speech diffi culties, delayed reaction times, nightmares,
sleepwalking, loss of coordination, convulsions, unconsciousness/coma, and death.
Studies on laboratory animals and humans have not indicated any evidence of mutagenic,
teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects of ethion.
Fire Hazard
Shock can shatter the container, releasing the contents. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Decomposes above 302F. When heated to decomposition ETHION emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur and phosphorus. Hydrolyzed by acids and alkalies. Slowly oxidized in air.
Trade name
AC 3422?; EACITHION?; EAQUA
ETHION?; EBLADAN?; ECOMMANDO
INSECTICIDE CATTLE EAR TAG?; EDRASTIC?;
EEMBATHION?; EETHANOX?; EETHIOL?;
EETHODAN?; EETHOPAZ?; EFMC-1240?;
EFOSFATOXE?; EFOSFONO 50?; EHYLEMOX?;
EITOPAZ?; EKWIT?[C]; EMITKILL?; ENAGATA?;
ENIA 1240?[C]; ENIAGARA 1240?[C]; ENIALATE?;
EPHOSPHOTOX E?; EPROKIL?[C]; ERHODIACIDE?;
ERHODOCIDE?; ERODOCID?; ERP-THION?;
ESENTRY?[C]; ESOPRATHION?; ETAFETHION?;
EVEGFRUFOSMITE?; EVEGFRU FOSMITE?
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects by ingestion: flaccid
paralysis without anesthesia, motor activity
changes, fever, and inhibition of
cholinesterase. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
SOx and POx. See also PARATHION
Potential Exposure
An organothiophosphate. A potential
danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation
and application of this insecticide and acaricide. Ethion is a preharvest topical insecticide used primarily on citrus fruits,
deciduous fruits, nuts, and cotton. It is also used as a cattle
dip for ticks and as a treatment for buffalo flies
Environmental Fate
Biological. Ethion degraded in lagoonal sediments obtained at various sites in the
Indian River between Cape Kennedy and Vero Beach, FL. In 14 sediment samples enriched
with ethion, 8 exhibited iron sulfide (precursor hydrogen sulfide) production following 20
days of incubation at room temperature. The bacteria responsible for the degradation of
ethion, a reducing agent, was tentatively identified as Clostridium (Sherman et al., 1974).
Soil. The half-lives of ethion in an organic soil varied from 16 to 49 weeks; however,
repeated applications each spring resulted in increased residues of unreacted ethion (Chapman
et al., 1984).
Photolytic. Ethion in hexane did not exhibit absorption at UV wavelengths >260 nm
(Gore et al., 1971).
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of phosphorus and sulfur oxides when heated
to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987; Lewis, 1990).
The hydrolysis half-lives of ethion in a sterile 1% ethanol/water solution at 25°C and
pH values of 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were 99, 63, 58, 24 and 8.4 weeks, respectively
(Chapman and Cole, 1982).
Metabolic pathway
Ethion is principally degraded in animals via hydrolysis which results
in P-S and C-S bond cleavage to give O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate
and O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate respectively. It is also oxidatively
desulfurated to its mono and dioxon forms.
Metabolism
The main biodegradation routes of ethion in animals are cleavage
of the P?S and C?S linkages to give O,O-diethyl
hydrogen phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl hydrogen
phosphorodithioate, respectively. Oxidative desulfuration
to its mono- and dioxons also occurs.
Shipping
UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2810 Toxic
liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-
Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Toxicity evaluation
The acute
oral LD50 for rats is 208 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4 h)
for rats is 0.45mg/L air. NOEL (2yr) for rats is
6 mg/kg diet (0.3 mg/kg/d). ADI is 2 μg/kg b.w.
Degradation
Ethion is hydrolysed by aqueous acid and alkalis. Its DT50 at pH value
9 was 390 days. It is slowly oxidised in air (PM). Ethion was photolysed
via an oxidative desulfuration mechanism affording the dioxon (2) when
it was irradiated with visible light in the presence of a photosensitising
dye (Crystal Violet). This oxidation was mediated by singlet
oxygen as evidenced by the reduced yield of 2 in the presence of singlet
oxygen scavengers such as diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Vaidya et al., 1990)
(Scheme 1).
Incompatibilities
Decomposes violently when heated above
150℃. Mixtures with magnesium may be explosive.
Contact with oxidizers may cause the release of phosphorous oxides. Contact with strong reducing agents, such as
hydrides; may cause the formation of flammable and toxic
phosphine gas
Waste Disposal
Do not empty into drains or
sewage system. Small amounts can be burned with
alkali. For larger amounts, the suggested method is
incineration with added solvent in furnace equipped with
afterburner and alkali scrubber. In accordance with
40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of
pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting
your local or federal environmental control agency, or by
contacting your regional EPA office.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 563-12-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,6 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 563-12:
(5*5)+(4*6)+(3*3)+(2*1)+(1*2)=62
62 % 10 = 2
So 563-12-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H22O4P2S4/c1-5-10-14(16,11-6-2)18-9-19-15(17,12-7-3)13-8-4/h5-9H2,1-4H3
563-12-2Relevant articles and documents
Halogen alkenyl azolyl microbicides
-
, (2008/06/13)
Novel halogenoalkenyl-azolyl derivatives of the formula STR1 in which R1 represents optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or represents optionally substituted heteroaryl, R2 represents alkyl, halogenoalkyl, 1-hydroxyalkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 1-hydroxyhalogenalkyl, 1-alkenyl or 2-alkenyl, X1 represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, X2 represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, and Y represents nitrogen or a CH group, and addition products thereof with acids or metal salts are very active as microbicides in plant protection and in the protection of materials.
Liquid formulations
-
, (2008/06/13)
A pour-on formulation comprising one or more ectoparasiticides in a solvent system comprising 80 to 98% w/v of a fixed oil and 2 to 20% w/v of a volatile silicone, a method for its preparations and its use in the control of ectoparasiticides on animals.
REACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING DISULFIDES REACTIONS OF BIS(DIALKOXYPHOSPHINOTHIOYL) AND BIS(DIARYLPHOSPHINOTHIOYL) DISULFIDES WITH DIAZOMETHANE AND WITH DIAZOACETIC ESTER
Khaskin, B. A.,Sheluchenko, O. D.,Torgasheva, N. A.,Promonenkov, V. K.
, p. 1606 - 1609 (2007/10/02)
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