7387-69-1Relevant articles and documents
Direct palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylation of benzylamines
Lazareva, Anna,Daugulis, Olafs
, p. 5211 - 5213 (2006)
Unsubstituted benzylamines and N-methylbenzylamine can be ortho-arylated under palladium catalysis at 130 °C. The reactions require the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and silver acetate.
A CO2-Catalyzed Transamidation Reaction
Yang, Yang,Liu, Jian,Kamounah, Fadhil S.,Ciancaleoni, Gianluca,Lee, Ji-Woong
, p. 16867 - 16881 (2021/11/18)
Transamidation reactions are often mediated by reactive substrates in the presence of overstoichiometric activating reagents and/or transition metal catalysts. Here we report the use of CO2as a traceless catalyst: in the presence of catalytic amounts of CO2, transamidation reactions were accelerated with primary, secondary, and tertiary amide donors. Various amine nucleophiles including amino acid derivatives were tolerated, showcasing the utility of transamidation in peptide modification and polymer degradation (e.g., Nylon-6,6). In particular,N,O-dimethylhydroxyl amides (Weinreb amides) displayed a distinct reactivity in the CO2-catalyzed transamidation versus a N2atmosphere. Comparative Hammett studies and kinetic analysis were conducted to elucidate the catalytic activation mechanism of molecular CO2, which was supported by DFT calculations. We attributed the positive effect of CO2in the transamidation reaction to the stabilization of tetrahedral intermediates by covalent binding to the electrophilic CO2
Graphene oxide: A convenient metal-free carbocatalyst for facilitating amidation of esters with amines
Patel, Khushbu P.,Gayakwad, Eknath M.,Shankarling, Ganapati S.
, p. 2661 - 2668 (2020/02/20)
Herein, we report a graphene oxide (GO) catalyzed condensation of non-activated esters and amines, that can enable diverse amides to be synthesized from abundant ethyl esters forming only volatile alcohol as a by-product. GO accelerates ester to amide conversion in the absence of any additives, unlike other catalysts. A wide range of ester and amine substrates are screened to yield the respective amides in good to excellent yields. The improved catalytic activity can be ascribed to the oxygenated functionalities present on the graphene oxide surface which forms H-bonding with the reactants accelerating the reaction. Improved yields and a wide range of functional group tolerance are some of the important features of the developed protocol.