29664-59-3Relevant articles and documents
Zirconocene-catalyzed direct (trans)esterification of acyl acids (esters) and alcohols in a strict 1:1 ratio under solvent-free conditions
Tang, Zhi,Jiang, Qiutao,Peng, Lifen,Xu, Xinhua,Li, Jie,Qiu, Renhua,Au, Chak-Tong
supporting information, p. 5396 - 5402 (2017/11/22)
A highly efficient way for the direct (trans)esterification of acyl acids (esters) and alcohols in a strict 1:1 ratio using a zirconocene complex (1, 1 mol%), a strong Lewis acid of good water tolerance, as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions has been developed. A wide range of acid and alcohol (esters) substrates undergo (trans)esterification to produce carboxylic ester motifs in moderate to good or excellent yields with good functional tolerance, such as that towards C-Br as well as CC and CC bonds. And complex 1 can be recycled six times without showing a significant decline in catalytic efficiency. It was demonstrated that cyclandelate, which is used to treat high blood pressure as well as heart and blood-vessel diseases, can be directly synthesized on a gram scale with 81% yield (6.70 g) using complex 1.
1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolium chloride in combination with triethylamine: An improved catalytic system for hydroacylation/reduction of activated ketones
Sreenivasulu,Arun Kumar,Sateesh Reddy,Siva Kumar,Rajender Kumar,Chandrasekhar,Pal, Manojit
supporting information; experimental part, p. 727 - 732 (2011/03/21)
A rapid, economic, and high yielding methodology has been developed for hydroacylation/reduction of activated ketones by using 1,3-bis(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)imidazolium chloride as a catalyst in combination with triethylamine. The reaction proceeded at an ambient temperature via generating N-heterocyclic carbene in situ that interacted with the (hetero)aryl aldehyde employed. While the reduction of ketones takes place in MeOH, the hydroacylation process was found to be effective in THF for both electron rich and deficient aldehydes.
N-alkyl-4-boronopyridinium halides versus boric acid as catalysts for the esterification of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids
Maki, Toshikatsu,Ishihara, Kazuaki,Yamamoto, Hisashi
, p. 5047 - 5050 (2007/10/03)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Boric acid is a highly effective catalyst for the dehydrative esterification reaction between equimolar mixtures of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids and alcohols. In contrast, N-methyl-4- boronopyridinium iodide (2a) is a more effective catalyst than boric acid for the similar esterification in excess alcohol. A heterogeneous catalyst, such as N-polystyrene-bound 4-boronopyridinium chloride, is also an effective catalyst and can be recovered by filtration.